中国猪业2026，Vol.21Issue(2)：40-54,15.DOI:10.16174/j.issn.1673-4645.2026.02.005
PRRSV防控现状及疫苗的研究进展
Current status of PRRSV prevention and control and research progress on vaccines
摘要
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS)is one of the most viral diseases affecting the global pig industry,causing enormous annual economic losses.Although modified live virus(MLV)vaccines have been used for over three decades,the industry remains trapped in the dilemma of immunization that fails to prevent infection or block transmission.The core problem lies in the multi-dimensional immune evasion mechanisms evolved by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),centered on the respiratory mucosa,while conventional vaccines suffer from three drawbacks:systemic immune bias,insufficient cross-protection,and safety risks.Moreover,the systematically evaluation systems over-rely on serological indicators,neglecting mucosal immunity—the first line of defense against viral invasion.This review systematically dissected the etiological characteristics of PRRSV and the molecular mechanisms underlying its mucosal immune evasion,evaluated the current status and limitations of conventional vaccines,and focused on breakthroughs in novel vaccine development and delivery technologies centered on mucosal immunity.It also reconstructed a three-dimensional integrated evaluation system incorporating"mucosal indicators+systemic immune quality+field transmission blockade".The core proposition of this review was to propose a new paradigm of active immune engineering:shifting from passively tracking viral variation to actively designing novel vaccine strategies based on"mucosa-targeted delivery+conserved antigen construction".By integrating technologies and innovating evaluation systems,a robust mucosal immune barrier can be established at the viral entry portal.This review provided a theoretical foundation and feasible reference for the effective control and even eradication of PRRS.关键词
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)/黏膜疫苗/免疫逃逸/主动免疫工程/递送系统/疫苗评价体系Key words
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)/mucosal vaccine/immune evasion/active immune engineering/delivery system/vaccine evaluation system分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
常新见,万佳慧,张雨杰,宋浩志,米春柳,赵永强,耿少雷,王天云,宋文娟..PRRSV防控现状及疫苗的研究进展[J].中国猪业,2026,21(2):40-54,15.基金项目
河南省科技研发计划联合基金项目(252103810366 （）
252103810360) （）
河南省自然科学基金项目(252300420722) （252300420722）
河南医药大学科研创新课题项目(202541) （202541）
河南医药大学组织工程与再生临床医学中心开放研究项目(2024SFYKFKT04) （2024SFYKFKT04）
