口腔疾病防治2026，Vol.34Issue(6)：595-605,11.DOI:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202550267
Piezo1在牙体组织及牙周组织中的作用研究进展
Research progress on the role of Piezo1 in dental and periodontal tissues
摘要
Abstract
Piezo1 is a Ca² ⁺-permeable mechanosensitive ion channel that plays a central role in mechanosensing and signal transduction in dental and periodontal tissues.In tooth tissue,Piezo1 is a key factor mediating dentin sensi-tive pain.The flow of dentinal tubule fluid induced by external stimulation can activate the Piezo1 channel on odonto-blasts,triggering neuronal signals through the pannexin-1-purinergic 2X3 receptor(PANX-1-P2X3)receptor axis,result-ing in pain perception.In addition,Piezo1 has a dual regulatory role in the process of pulp inflammation and repair:on the one hand,its expression is up-regulated in an inflammatory environment,which may aggravate pain sensitivity;on the other hand,it activates the migration,proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells by medi-ating Ca² ⁺ influx,ATP release and downstream purinergic 2X7 receptor(P2X7R),MEK/ERK signaling pathways,thereby promoting reparative dentin formation.In periodontal tissue,Piezo1 plays a central role in maintaining periodon-tal tissue homeostasis and regulating alveolar bone remodeling by sensing mechanical stimuli such as bite force.During orthodontic tooth movement,Piezo1 promotes osteogenic differentiation by activating Wnt/Ca²⁺,Notch and other path-ways on the tension side.It affects osteoclast activity by regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteo-protegerin(RANKL/OPG)balance on the pressure side.At the same time,Piezo1 is also a key regulator of periodontal immune microenvironment.It is expressed in immune cells such as macrophages,neutrophils and dendritic cells.Its ac-tivation can promote the polarization of macrophages to pro-inflammatory M1 type,enhance the release of pro-inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases,and thus aggravate the inflammatory destruction of periodontal tis-sue.In view of its multiple functions,Piezo1 has become a potential therapeutic target,including local or systemic appli-cation of its inhibitors,mechanical intervention,physical therapy,gene therapy and stem cell therapy,showing a broad clinical transformation prospect in the treatment of oral diseases.In this paper,the structural characteristics,signal transduction mechanism of Piezo1 and its expression distribution,function and regulatory network in tooth tissue and periodontal tissue are reviewed,so as to provide ideas for the development of oral disease treatment strategies targeting Piezo1.关键词
牙体组织/牙周组织/Piezo1/牙本质敏感/Ca2+信号/修复性牙本质/巨噬细胞极化/树突状细胞/牙周膜干细胞/正畸牙齿移动Key words
dental tissues/periodontal tissues/Piezo1/dentin hypersensitivity/Ca2+signal/reparative den-tin/macrophage polarization/dendritic cells/periodontal ligament stem cells/orthodontic tooth movement分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
李文艳,莫朝伦,王亚静,付雪飞..Piezo1在牙体组织及牙周组织中的作用研究进展[J].口腔疾病防治,2026,34(6):595-605,11.基金项目
贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般436) This study was supported by the grants from Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province[No.Qian Ke He Ji Chu-ZK[2021]General 436)]. （黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般436）
