果树学报2026，Vol.43Issue(5)：1143-1156,14.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20250515
外源喷施5-ALA对库尔勒香梨叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响
Effects of exogenous spraying with 5-ALA on photosynthetic characteris-tics and fruit quality in Kuerlexiangli pear
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aims to explore the regulatory effects of foliar spraying the pear trees with 5-aminolevulinic acid(5-ALA)on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of leaves and fruit quality of Kuerlexiangli pear,and further screen out the optimal spraying concentration and fre-quency that can significantly improve its photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality,so as to pro-vide scientific technical support for the high-quality and efficient cultivation of Kuerlexiangli pear.[Methods]Taking the main cultivar Kuerlexiangli pear in Xinjiang as the sample,a two-factor random-ized block experiment was adopted to apply combined treatments at different concentrations(0 mg·L-1,50 mg·L-1,100 mg·L-1,150 mg·L-1,200 mg·L-1)and different frequencies(1,2,3 times)during the fruit swell stage.Ten days after the third spraying,the photosynthetic characteristic indexes of leaves were systematically determined.Specifically,A portable chlorophyll meter was employed to determine the relative chlorophyll content in leaves,and the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,intercellular CO2 concentration,and stomatal conductance were determined with a photosynthesis system.Dynamic monitoring was conducted to clarify the influence of 5-ALA on the photosynthetic physiological activi-ties of leaves.After fruit ripening,the external and internal fruit qualities were comprehensively deter-mined.To analyze the comprehensive impact of 5-ALA on fruit quality,external quality parameters(such as single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,and fruit shape index)and inter-nal quality indicators(such as fruit firmness,soluble solids content,stone cell content,vitamin C con-tent,soluble sugar content,and titratable acid content)were determined.[Results]The results showed that exogenous spraying with 5-ALA significantly improved the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves.The relative chlorophyll contents showed a significant increase on the 20th and 30th days after treatment,with the T11 treatment achieving an increase of 5.68%.This suggested that this treatment was capable of effectively enhancing the synthesis of chlorophyll in leaves,laying a material foundation for the efficient progress of photosynthesis.The net photosynthetic rate showed the most significant dif-ference on the 10th day after treatment,with the T11 treatment having the most prominent promotion ef-fect(23.25%),followed by the T7 treatment(18.36%).However,the promotion effect of each treatment gradually weakened on the 20th and 30th days,suggesting that spraying with 5-ALA during the fruit swell stage can effectively improve fruit quality but has no long-term effect.The transpiration rate showed significant differences throughout the determination period(10th,20th,and 30th days).On the 10th day,the T12 treatment had the best effect,with an increase of 24.07%;on the 20th day,the T11 treatment performed best,with an increase of 17.15%;on the 30th day,the T12 treatment still main-tained an increase of 15.15%,indicating that 5-ALA can affect the water metabolism and material trans-port for plants by regulating transpiration.The intercellular CO2 concentration in the T11 treatment was the lowest(300.97 ppm)on the 10th day,and a lower intercellular CO2 concentration implied stronger carbon assimilation capacity.On the 20th day,there was no significant difference among the treatments,but the T11 treatment was relatively lower.On the 30th day,the T1 and T11 treatments decreased by 12.44%and 9.36%compared with the corresponding controls CK1 and CK3,respectively,further indi-cating that the carbon utilization efficiency by plants under specific treatments was improved.However,there was no significant difference in stomatal conductance among treatments,suggesting that the influ-ence of 5-ALA on the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves during the fruit swell stage was not main-ly achieved by regulating stomatal conductance.In terms of fruit quality,exogenous spraying with 5-ALA had a significant impact on multiple quality indexes.Among them,the external quality indexes such as single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,and transverse diameter were significantly improved.Compared with CK3,the T11 treatment increased by 9.75%,6.93%,and 6.61%,respectively,indicating that this treatment can effectively promote fruit growth and development and increase fruit size.In terms of internal quality,the contents of soluble solids,vitamin C,and soluble sugar increased by 8.49%,28.51%,and 21.39%,respectively,while the stone cell content decreased by 18.66%.These changes significantly improved the taste and nutritional value of the fruit.However,5-ALA had no sig-nificant effect on fruit shape index,firmness,or titratable acid,suggesting that 5-ALA may promote the ripening of Kuerlexiangli pear fruits and enable them to be marketed earlier.Finally,through principal component analysis,the T11 treatment(150 mg·L-1 5-ALA spray for 3 times)was selected as the opti-mal treatment scheme by comprehensively considering various fruit quality indexes.Correlation analy-sis results revealed a significant positive correlation between leaf photosynthetic traits and fruit quality,which confirmed that improving leaf photosynthetic characteristics is an important way to enhance fruit quality.[Conclusion]In summary,foliar spraying with 150 mg·L-1 5-ALA for three times during the fruit swell stage of Kuerlexiangli pear can significantly enhance leaf photosynthetic characteristics and effectively improve the external and internal fruit quality.It is a cultivation technique worthy of popular-ization and application in production.关键词
库尔勒香梨/5-氨基乙酰丙酸/光合特性/果实品质Key words
Kuerlexiangli pear/5-aminolevulinic acid/Photosynthetic properties/Fruit quality分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘广东,文博,田嘉,温玥,王磊,陈晨,郝志超,孙天雨..外源喷施5-ALA对库尔勒香梨叶片光合特性及果实品质的影响[J].果树学报,2026,43(5):1143-1156,14.基金项目
新疆香梨产业优质绿色智慧发展关键技术研发与示范(2024A02006) （2024A02006）
