煤田地质与勘探2026，Vol.54Issue(5)：221-231,11.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.08.0636
我国酸性矿井水污染防控路径与模式探讨
Pathways and modes for prevention and control of acid mine drainage-induced pollution in China
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Mining activities in polymetallic sulfide mines significantly disrupt regional hydrogeochemic-al equilibrium,leading to the formation of acid mine drainage(AMD).Consequently,severe pollution of aquatic envir-onments occurs,posing a threat to regional water resource security.To lay the foundation for the prevention and control of AMD-induced pollution,it is necessary to investigate the formation and evolution mechanisms of AMD and establish a low-cost,sustainable risk management and control mode.[Methods]Based on field sampling and literature research,this study made statistics of the hydrochemical characteristics of AMD from different polymetallic sulfide mining areas across China and elucidated the processes driving the formation of AMD under the combined influence of hydrodynam-ic,hydrochemical,and microbial fields.Furthermore,in combination with three major challenges in the prevention and control of AMD-induced pollution,this study proposed pathways for reverse hydrogeochemical control.[Results and Conclusions]Statistical analysis reveals significant variations in the hydrochemical characteristics of AMD from differ-ent polymetallic sulfide mining areas across China.Specifically,samples with total dissolved solids(TDS)and SO42--concentrations exceeding the thresholds for Class Ⅲ water quality specified in the Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017)accounted for 78.4％and 76.7％,respectively.Accordingly,this study developed a risk assessment system consisting of preliminary,general,and detailed surveys,as well as risk assessment.Furthermore,it determined the limited treatment objective of low-cost,sustainable risk management focusing on environmental control and estab-lished the drainage-blocking-treatment-management integrated risk control mode.Following the hierarchical prevention and control principle comprising treatment,control,and prevention strategies for high,medium,and low risks,respect-ively,the proposed mode adopts measures including priority given to drainage and blocking,blocking-treatment integra-tion,end treatment,and comprehensive management.This mode provides a novel philosophy for low-cost,sustainable prevention and control of AMD-induced pollution.关键词
酸性矿井水/水文地球化学/环境调控/有限目标/防控模式Key words
acid mine drainage(AMD)/hydrogeochemistry/environmental remediation and control/limited objectives/prevention and control model分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
刘国,陈前,甘欣竺,唐杰,朱明澹,范家君,任爽..我国酸性矿井水污染防控路径与模式探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,2026,54(5):221-231,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3207300) （2023YFC3207300）
