山西农业科学2026，Vol.54Issue(3)：43-55,13.DOI:10.26942/j.cnki.issn.1002-2481.2026.03.05
覆膜及有机质对滨海盐碱地油菜生长、产量及土壤盐分离子的影响
The Effect of Plastic Film Mulching and Organic Matter on the Growth,Yield,and Soil Salt Ion of Rapeseed in Coastal Saline-Alkali Land
摘要
Abstract
To increase the rapeseed yield in coastal saline-alkali land,in this study,cultivation tests of plastic film mulching on saline-alkali land and applying biochar combined with organic fertilizers in Dongying,Shandong province were conducted.The results showed plastic film mulching significantly improved the emergence rate and overwintering rate of autumn sowing rapeseed.Under the mild(the soluble total salts were less than 4 g/kg),moderate(the soluble total salts were 4-8 g/kg),and severe(the soluble total salts were over 8 g/kg)saline-alkali conditions,the emergence rate in the mulching treatments increased by 283.62％,300.33％,and 2 187.53％,respectively,compared with that in the treatment of no mulching(the control),and the overwintering rate in the mulching treatments increased by 430.06％,90.4％and 0,respectively.In saline-alkali soil with average soluble salt content at 3.87 g/kg,the average yield of autumn sowing rapeseed was 2 769.60 kg/ha.Plastic film mulching significantly inhibited the re-salinization phenomenon of soil,and compared with open-field cultivation during the same period,and the soil electrical conductivity decreased by 189.42％-742.07％.Moreover,mulching reduced the uptake of Na+by rapeseed,thereby increasing the K+/Na+ratio in rapeseed by 52.02％.On the basis of mulching,applying biochar and organic fertilizer could significantly increase the emergence rate of spring sowing rapeseed.Compared with the treatment of mulching without fertilization(the control),it could be increased by up to 91.52％.Under soil with a salt content of 4-6.5 g/kg,the yield of spring sowing rapeseed could reach up to 2 697.75 kg/ha,which was 107.43％higher than that of the control.In conclusion,the cultivation measures such as plastic film mulching combined with application of biochar and organic fertilizer could effectively improve the tolerance to saline and alkali,and yield of rapeseed.关键词
盐碱地/油菜/栽培措施/产量/土壤/有机肥/覆膜Key words
saline-alkali land/rapeseed/cultivation measures/yield/soil/organic matter/plastic film mulching分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨钢,赵海洋,李双双,郭徐鹏,胡赞民,陈宇红,范成明,张新永..覆膜及有机质对滨海盐碱地油菜生长、产量及土壤盐分离子的影响[J].山西农业科学,2026,54(3):43-55,13.基金项目
农业生物育种重大项目(2022ZD0401002-4) （2022ZD0401002-4）
中国科学院战略先导科技专项(XDA0440301) （XDA0440301）
云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202401BD070001-048) （202401BD070001-048）
