石油地球物理勘探2026，Vol.61Issue(3)：653-669,692,18.DOI:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.20250321
倾角约束稀疏表征的地震复杂波场信噪分离方法
Seismic signal-to-noise separation method for complex wavefields based on dip-constrained sparse representation
摘要
Abstract
Denoising is a critical step in seismic data processing.Traditional dictionary learning methods lack constraints on the physical mechanism of signals,easily misidentifying coherent noise with linear or curvilinear features as effective signals and incorporating them into dictionary atoms,which results in distortion of effective signals or residual noise during reconstruction.To address these problems,this paper proposes a hybrid noise suppression method based on sparse basis learning with physical constraints.Firstly,the plane-wave destruction(PWD)filter is used to estimate and update the local dip field,ensuring that the dip field matches the iteratively optimized signal.Then,the local dip field estimated by PWD is taken as a constraint to guide the sparse basis learning process,which combines the signal representation ability of sparse transform with the local dip charac-teristics of effective signals.This enables dictionary atoms to match only effective signals with corresponding dip characteristics,avoiding the mislearning of coherent noise atoms.Finally,effective signals can be accurately sparsely represented on the sparse basis matching their dip characteristics,while various noises are difficult to be matched by the sparse basis due to the absence of corresponding dip characteristics.Thereby,high-fidelity effective signal reconstruction and effective suppression of multi-type noises are achieved.Tests on both complex synthetic data and field data show that the proposed method has superior suppression performance and wide appli-cability in suppressing hybrid noises such as strong abnormal amplitude interference,surface waves,random noise,and coherent noise,compared with conventional methods and industrial standard denoising workflows.关键词
多类型噪声压制/字典学习/倾角约束/平面波解构滤波器Key words
multiple-type noise suppression/dictionary learning/dip constraint/plane-wave destruction filter分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
雷刚林,王德英,段文胜,刘文卿,吴天麒,寇龙江..倾角约束稀疏表征的地震复杂波场信噪分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2026,61(3):653-669,692,18.基金项目
本项研究受塔里木油田横向项目"三维起伏地表各向异性建模及绕射波成像方法研究"(671024115004)资助. （671024115004）
