中国全科医学2026，Vol.29Issue(20)：2766-2774,9.DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2025.0552
我国体重管理政策的工具选择与组合特征:基于2016-2025年国家政策文本的内容分析
Characteristics of Policy Instrument Selection and Combination for Weight Management in China:a Content Analysis of National Policy Documents(2016-2025)
摘要
Abstract
Background Against the backdrop of the escalating prevalence of overweight and obesity,China has promulgated numerous weight management policies.However,the selection preferences,compositional structure,and stakeholder coupling characteristics of the policy instruments employed remain to be systematically analyzed.Objective To systematically analyze the selection preferences and compositional characteristics of policy instruments for weight management in China,identify structural imbalances within the current policy system,and provide evidence-based references for optimizing the nation's comprehensive obesity prevention and control strategies.Methods In November 2025,eleven core national-level policy documents on weight management issued from January 1,2016 to October 31,2025 were selected as the study objects.A"policy instrument-stakeholder"two-dimensional analytical framework was constructed,and content analysis was employed to conduct systematic coding,frequency statistical analysis,and cross-analysis of the policy texts.Results A total of 454 policy instrument codes and 538 stakeholder codes were extracted from 11 core policy documents.Command-and-control instruments had the highest proportion[182(40.09%)],followed by information-based[101(22.25%)]and capacity-building instruments[91(20.04%)],while incentive-based[43(9.47%)]and system-change instruments[37(8.15%)]accounted for relatively low proportions.In the stakeholder dimension,government departments[204(37.92%)]and healthcare institutions[139(25.84%)]were the primary targets,while health-related industries[34(6.32%)]and social organizations[39(7.25%)]received relatively low policy attention.Conclusion China's weight management policy system exhibits significant structural imbalances in instrument configuration,presenting a"center-periphery"governance structure centered on administrative leadership and medical intervention.The intervention logic prioritizes micro-level individual behavior regulation and health education,with insufficient attention given to structural interventions regarding the obesogenic environment and multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms.There is an urgent need to address deficiencies in fiscal incentives and legal regulations,strengthen inter-sectoral coordination and social mobilization mechanisms,and promote the transformation of the policy system toward legalization,incentivization,and collaborative governance.关键词
体重管理/肥胖管理/卫生政策/政策工具/结构性失衡/协同治理Key words
Weight management/Obesity management/Health policy/Policy instruments/Structural imbalance/Collaborative governance分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
吴珍,郗雅琪,胡琳琳..我国体重管理政策的工具选择与组合特征:基于2016-2025年国家政策文本的内容分析[J].中国全科医学,2026,29(20):2766-2774,9.基金项目
中国医学科学院医学与健康创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-046) （2021-I2M-1-046）
