浙江中医药大学学报2026，Vol.50Issue(4)：415-419,5.DOI:10.16466/j.issn1005-5509.2026.04.003
两宋医家辨治瘟疫学术思想探析
Study of the Academic Thoughts on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Epidemic Diseases by Doctors in the Two Song Dynasties
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To investigate the characteristics of epidemic management in Zhejiang in the two Song Dynasties.[Methods]By using the method of concept clarification,the evolution and confusion of terms such as cold epidemic and warm epidemic were clarified;the thoughts of physicians on treating epidemics during the two Song Dynasties were explored through literature analysis;finally,the method of prescription and drug argumentation was adopted to analyze the prescriptions and drug principles in medical books of the Song Dynasty,and to demonstrate the methodological approach of physicians in flexible treatment.[Results]In terms of concept definition,although Shanghan Li had already proposed the concept of cold epidemic,later generations still confused cold epidemic,warm epidemic,exogenous febrile disease and warm disease.It was not until the Song Dynasty that physicians began to distinguish and treat cold epidemic and warm epidemic separately,and clearly defined the concepts of cold epidemic and warm epidemic for the first time.In terms of syndrome differentiation and treatment,the physicians proposed the principle of adapting to the time and treating according to the syndrome.The treatment of warm epidemic mainly focused on clearing heat and detoxifying,and using aromatic drugs to penetrate the pathogen,while the treatment of cold epidemic emphasized using pungent and warm drugs to dispel cold.The principle of moderation was emphasized,and warm and dry drugs were not overused.Overall,a system of treating heat with cold,treating cold with heat and treating warm with clearing was formed.In terms of the application of prescriptions and drugs,the physicians of the Song Dynasty paid attention to the synergy and restraint among drugs.They did not blindly use prescriptions for exogenous febrile disease,but used drugs for clearing heat and detoxifying aromatic drugs to penetrate the pathogen to treat warm epidemic,with a combination of cold and heat.They adapted to the time and treated disease according to the syndrome,treating heat with cold,treating cold with heat,and treating warm with clearing,aiming for balance.[Conclusion]During the two Song Dynasties,medical practitioners built the theories of their predecessors and established a core etiological theory centered on abnormal atmospheric conditions.They clearly distinguished epidemic diseases between cold epidemics and warm epidemics,promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine's epidemic theory,which laid the methodological foundation for the formation of the later.At the same time.the principle of treating differently for cold and heat and aiming for balance has been deeply practiced,and this experience still holds significant implications for dealing with new and sudden infectious diseases.关键词
两宋时期/寒疫/温疫/病证结合/脉证合参/清热解毒/辛温除湿/寒热相佐Key words
The Two Song Dynasty Period/cold epidemic/warm epidemic/integration of disease and symptoms/synthesis of pulse and symptom information/heat-clearing and detoxifying/dispelling dampness with pungent and warm herbs/cooperation of cold and hot分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
徐熙圣,张星..两宋医家辨治瘟疫学术思想探析[J].浙江中医药大学学报,2026,50(4):415-419,5.基金项目
浙江省哲学社会科学一般项目(22NDJC096YB)Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Sciences General Project(22NDJC096YB) （22NDJC096YB）
