作物学报2026，Vol.52Issue(6)：1847-1858,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.51093
测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应
Response of wheat tillering and spike formation to nitrogen rate under sup-plementary irrigation based on soil moisture content
摘要
Abstract
To elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which nitrogen rate regulates wheat tillering and spike formation under water-saving irrigation with supplemental irrigation guided by soil moisture measurements,we evaluated four nitrogen rates(0,130,180,and 230 kg hm-2)in wheat cultivar Jimai 22 from 2020 to 2022.We assessed the cross-sectional area of the tillering node,the photosynthetic capacity of the uppermost fully expanded leaves on the main stem,and 13C-assimilate partitioning among stems and tillers during tillering and spike formation.Compared with 0 and 130 kg hm-2,180 kg hm-2 significantly increased tillering-node cross-sectional area and trans-zeatin(tZ)content,decreased indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents,and enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of the uppermost fully expanded leaves at the overwintering and regreening stages.Total tillers per population at overwintering increased by 35.1%and 14.3%under 180 kg hm-2 relative to 0 and 130 kg hm-2,respectively;at jointing,the corresponding increases were 80.6%and 22%.The allocation of 13Cassimilates to tillers I,II,and III under 180 kg hm-2 was significantly higher than under 0 kg hm-2,and the mean grain yield across the two years was 47.9%and 19.2%higher than that under 0 and 130 kg hm-2,respectively.Increasing the nitrogen rate to 230 kg hm-2 did not fur-ther improve these traits compared with 180 kg hm-2,but significantly reduced nitrogen partial factor productivity.Correlation analysis showed that tillering-node cross-sectional area,trans-zeatin content,and net photosynthetic rate of the uppermost fully expanded leaves were significantly and positively correlated with total tillers per population and spike number,and that 13C-assimilate allocation to tillers was significantly and positively correlated with spike number.These results indicate that in-creasing tillering-node cross-sectional area and trans-zeatin content,enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity,and promoting as-similate allocation to tillers provide key physiological bases for improving spike number and grain yield.Overall,under the soil-moisture-guided water-saving irrigation regime used here,180 kg hm-2 was the optimal nitrogen rate for achieving high yield and high nitrogen-use efficiency.关键词
小麦/测墒补灌/施氮量/分蘖发生/分蘖成穗Key words
wheat/supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture measurement/nitrogen fertilizer rate/tillering occurrence/tiller into spikes引用本文复制引用
高沛阳,李瑾璇,董宇奎,石玉,张振,张永丽..测墒补灌下小麦分蘖发生和成穗对施氮量的响应[J].作物学报,2026,52(6):1847-1858,12.基金项目
本研究由山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MC131)资助.This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MC131). （ZR2023MC131）
