植物遗传资源学报2026，Vol.27Issue(5)：1018-1032,15.DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20251222001
寒地小苹果抗寒候选基因挖掘
Identification of Cold-Resistant Genes of Small Apples in Cold Region
摘要
Abstract
Cold resistance is a key trait determining the overwintering ability and geographic distribution of small apple in cold region.This study used a program-controlled low-temperature constant-temperature chamber to simulate the daily temperature fluctuations of extreme winter cold(-5℃ to-35 ℃)in Jilin province,China.In 2024 and 2025,one-year-old branches of 297 cold-resistant apple germplasm resources were treated in freezing stress,and their cold resistances were evaluated.Phenotypic data for the classification of cold resistance were obtained.Based on Malus baccata genome resequencing,34 significantly associated SNP loci were identified using genome-wide association study(GWAS)between genotype data and cold-resistance phenotypes.These loci were localized to three major effect regions on Chr.12,Chr.15,and Chr.16 in Malus baccata genome,and then 86 candidate genes were preliminarily identified.Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis indicated that nine genes were involved in stress response,six genes responded to abscisic acid,two genes responded to low temperature,and two genes participated in water transport.Homology analysis revealed that 45 candidate genes were homologous with Arabidopsis transcription factors and cold-responsive(COR)genes involved in low-temperature response.The conserved domains of 20 genes were identified through Pfam annotation,which were associated with biological functions including transcriptional regulation under cold stress,vesicle transport and membrane binding,calcium signaling,and detoxification of toxic aldehydes.RNA-seq expression analysis revealed that 27 candidate genes responded to low-temperature stress.Among them eight genes were highly expressed in one-year-old branches of apple during the dormancy period,and 12 genes were highly expressed in one-year-old branches of apple under artificially simulated freezing stress.Five candidate genes(Mbac12g00487,Mbac12g00488,Mbac12g02683,Mbac15g00435,and Mbac16g01000)were up-regulated in one-year-old branches during forced dormancy and artificial simulated freezing stress through qRT-PCR analysis.This study provides candidate genes and data references for in-depth research on cold-resistant gene functions of apple.关键词
苹果/抗寒性鉴定/GWAS/候选基因Key words
apple/cold-resistant identification/GWAS/candidate genes引用本文复制引用
曲志远,梁英海,王利新,王珊珊,李红莲,姚冬涵,吴宣荣,张冰冰,宋宏伟,赵晨辉..寒地小苹果抗寒候选基因挖掘[J].植物遗传资源学报,2026,27(5):1018-1032,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22A20490) （U22A20490）
农业农村部农业种质资源普查收集、保护监督服务项目(22250291) （22250291）
科技部、财政部国家科技资源共享服务平台项目(NHGRC2025-NH09)Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20490) （NHGRC2025-NH09）
Projects for the Census,Collection,Conservation,and Supervision Services of Agricultural Germplasm under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(22250291) （22250291）
National Science and Technology Resource Sharing Service Platform Projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Finance(NHGRC2025-NH09) （NHGRC2025-NH09）
