摘要
Abstract
Based on four consecutive years(2022-2025)of rotational production practice of Morchella and black waxy maize,a set of efficient cultivation techniques suitable for the Morchella-black waxy maize rotation in the mountainous area in southern Anhui was summarized.The optimal rotation schedule arranges Morchella growth from November to March and black waxy maize growth from April to July.For the cultivation of Morchella,Morchella sextelata or Morchella importuna are selected.The spawn is broken into blocks,sprayed with 0.1%potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,and sown in rows at a rate of 200 kg/667 m²,followed by film mulching for moisture retention.Ten days after sowing,external nutrient bags(3 000 bags/667 m²)are placed.Before fruiting,temperature is controlled and light is reduced;after about 60 days,ventilation and irrigation with fruiting-inducing water stimulate primordium formation.After fruiting,the greenhouse temperature is adjusted to 12-20 ℃,avoiding direct cold air on young fruiting bodies.Mature fruiting bodies are harvested in mid-to-late March by cutting close to the ground with a small knife.During the fallow period,greenhouse facilities,raised beds,and soil are adjusted and managed to promote the subsequent growth of black waxy maize.For the cultivation of black waxy maize,the the dwarf,disease-resistant variety Zhenzhu Nuo 28 is selected as the main cultivar,with a planting density of 3 500 holes/667 m².After emergence,timely seedling gap filling,intertillage,and tiller removal are carried out;water and fertilizer management is strengthened during the ear and flowering-grain filling stages;weed control and pest management are emphasized during the late grain filling stage;and harvest is performed at 22-28 days after silking when the kernels reach high sugar content and tender skin.Four years of practice show yields of>600 kg/667 m² morels(net income 27 000 yuan/667 m²)and 1 100 kg/667 m² black waxy corn(net income 5 900 yuan/667 m²),significantly improving greenhouse utilization and profitability.This rotation model provides a reference for the promotion and application of Morchella-black waxy maize(or other short-stalk maize)rotation production in the mountainous areas of southern Anhui Province.关键词
皖南山区/羊肚菌/黑糯玉米/轮作/栽培Key words
mountainous area in Southern Anhui Province/Morchella/black waxy maize/rotation/cultivation分类
农业科技
