摘要
Abstract
Biosurfactants are environmentally friendly compounds produced by microorganisms that are biodegradable and exhibit low or negligible toxicity.As low-molecular-weight surface-active molecules,they possess unique chemical characteristics and good stability,enabling them to meet industrial requirements under diverse application conditions.The chemical properties and production costs of biosurfactants are largely determined by the types of microorganisms and substrates used,as well as the purification technologies employed.Due to their pronounced amphiphilic nature,biosurfactants can adsorb at the interface between two immiscible phases,thereby reducing surface and interfacial tension and enhancing the solubility of hydrophobic substances.In recent years,microbial biosurfactants have attracted increasing attention as promising alternatives to conventional synthetic surfactants.They can maintain stability over a broad range of temperatures and pH conditions,while their low toxicity and natural biodegradability make them more consistent with the principles of green chemistry and sustainable development.Biosurfactants are widely used as anti-adhesive agents,emulsifiers or demulsifiers,spreading agents,foaming agents,and detergents,and play important roles in agriculture,biomedicine,bioremediation,industrial processing,and cosmetics.Recent advances in biosurfactant production technologies have further expanded their applicability within the framework of the circular economy.These advances include the utilization of alternative substrates,such as various forms of organic waste,and the development of solid-state fermentation processes.This review summarizes the production methods,applications,recent research progress,and limitations of biosurfactants,and discusses their future development prospects.关键词
biosurfactants/microbial biosurfactants/biosurfactant production/biodegradable/environmentally friendlyKey words
biosurfactants/microbial biosurfactants/biosurfactant production/biodegradable/environmentally friendly
