中国水利Issue(11)：45-56,12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1123.2026.11.006
面向土石坝历史病险特征的知识图谱构建与应用
Construction and application of a knowledge graph for historical defect and risk characteristics of earth-rock dams
摘要
Abstract
Earth-rock dams are the most widely distributed and numerous dam type in China,and their safe operation is directly related to basin-level flood control and water supply security.The Haihe River basin is characterized by a high density of earth-rock dam projects,generally aging dam structures,complex types of defects and risks,and increasingly frequent extreme weather events,all of which pose severe challenges to engineering safety.A large volume of unstructured or semi-structured textual materials has been accumulated in this basin,including defect and risk treatment records,safety evaluation reports,and operation logs,which encompass extensive engineering practice knowledge and treatment experience.However,due to the limitations of decentralized storage,semantic heterogeneity,and implicit associations,traditional manual review methods have difficulty in achieving effective reuse of this empirical knowledge.To address this issue,this paper introduced knowledge graph technology and,based on a large earth-rock dam in the Haihe River basin,and constructed a defect-and-risk knowledge graph for earth-rock dams using multi-year treatment records,organized around the framework of"engineering component,defect and risk characterization,and treatment measure".Unlike existing knowledge graph studies that primarily rely on static ontology descriptions,this paper proposed a dynamic ontology model incorporating multi-dimensional attributes of"time,space,and state",enabling semantic modeling of the entire process from defect and risk discovery and development to treatment.In the knowledge extraction phase,the approach integrated a large language model with domain rule constraints,balancing text comprehension capability with standardized domain terminology expression to improve extraction accuracy and consistency.Finally,the Neo4j graph database was employed for knowledge storage and retrieval.The application results demonstrate that the constructed knowledge graph enables rapid positioning of earth-rock dam defects and risks and significantly improves knowledge reuse efficiency through associated retrieval of defect and risk type distribution,treatment response time,and actual effectiveness,thereby providing technical support for intelligent decision-making in the reinforcement of reservoir dams.关键词
土石坝/知识图谱/本体建模/知识抽取/病险工程/大坝安全Key words
earth-rock dam/knowledge graph/ontology modeling/knowledge extraction/defect and risk engineering/dam safety分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
李陈瑶,王芳,周宁,李宏恩..面向土石坝历史病险特征的知识图谱构建与应用[J].中国水利,2026,(11):45-56,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3210604) （2024YFC3210604）
国家自然科学基金项目(U2443231) （U2443231）
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Y724008、Y725006、Y725008、Y725009) （Y724008、Y725006、Y725008、Y725009）
引绰济辽工程科研项目(YC-KYXM-11-2024) （YC-KYXM-11-2024）
南京水利科学研究院研究生学位论文基金(Yy725012). （Yy725012）
