铸造2026，Vol.75Issue(6)：568-580,13.DOI:10.27014/j.cnki.zhuzao.2026.0076
工艺参数对LDED成形热作模具钢熔池形貌及成形质量的影响
Effect of Processing Parameters on the Molten Pool Morphology and Forming Quality of a Hot Work Tool Steel Fabricated via Laser Directed Energy Deposition
摘要
Abstract
Laser directed energy deposition enables near-net-shape fabrication and efficient repair of complex hot work tool steel components,offering clear advantages for the manufacturing and remanufacturing of dies used under high-temperature service conditions such as hot forging and die casting.However,during the forming process,fluctuations in process parameters tend to affect the morphological characteristics of the molten pool,while unreasonable matching of process parameters can easily induce forming defects such as pores and cracks,thereby restricting the stability of forming quality.To clarify the influence mechanisms of processing parameters in the laser directed energy deposition forming of hot work tool steel,and focusing on the correlations among processing parameters,molten pool morphology,and forming quality,the single-layer single-track,single-layer multi-track,and multi-layer multi-track deposition experiments were carried out sequentially to systematically investigate the regulatory effects of key processing parameters on the evolution of molten pool morphology and the forming quality of deposited parts in this study.The results indicate that laser power and scanning speed dominate the melting depth and width of the molten pool,while the powder feeding rate acts synergistically with them to determine the molten pool filling state;when the overlap ratio is in the range of 30%-50%,the defects such as inter-track grooves,unilateral accumulation,and interfacial gaps can be effectively avoided;within the optimal forming process window established by the appropriate matching of laser specific energy and absolute powder feeding rate,complete powder melting,sound interlayer metallurgical bonding,and sufficient gas escape can be ensured,resulting in a relative density exceeding 99%without obvious defects.In contrast,deviations from this parameter window lead to defects such as lack of fusion,cracks,or keyholes caused by an imbalance between energy input and powder supply,thereby deteriorating the forming quality.These results clarify the regulation mechanism of processing parameters on molten pool morphology and provide experimental basis for process parameter optimization and forming quality control in the laser directed energy deposition fabrication of hot work tool steel.关键词
激光定向能量沉积/热作模具钢/工艺参数/熔池形貌/成形质量/冶金结合/工艺窗口/缺陷控制Key words
laser directed energy deposition/hot work tool steel/process parameter/molten pool morphology/forming quality/metallurgical bonding/process window/defect control分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
郑若璇,侯英培,万杰,王媛媛,王一男,杨海欧,林鑫,陈豫增..工艺参数对LDED成形热作模具钢熔池形貌及成形质量的影响[J].铸造,2026,75(6):568-580,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目课题(2024YFB3713303) （2024YFB3713303）
国家自然科学基金项目(52531002、52571052) （52531002、52571052）
凝固技术全国重点实验室(西北工业大学)自主研究课题(2024-ZD-06). （西北工业大学）
