北京大学学报（医学版）2026，Vol.58Issue(3)：560-566,7.DOI:10.19723/j.issn.1671-167X.2026.03.016
健康老龄化目标下老年助餐服务的政策逻辑与多重困境
Policy logic and multiple challenges of meal assistance services for older adults under the goal of healthy aging
摘要
Abstract
Objective:To provide empirical evidence for optimizing meal assistance policies and strengthening their role in supporting the health of older adults,this study took Shandong Province as a case to examine the policy logic and practical challenges of meal assistance services for older adults.Methods:A combination of policy tool text analysis and qualitative interviews was employed.For the policy tool analysis,59 policy documents related to meal assistance for older adults at the central and Shandong provincial levels from 2013 to 2024 were selected and categorized using a three-part framework,with policy provisions coded and analyzed as units.Qualitative interviews were conducted in two rounds,from August to October 2023 and again in January 2026,across eight urban and rural sample sites within Shandong's three major economic circles,involving 17 providers of meal assistance services for older adults;the interview data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.Finally,the two sets of data,including policy tools and implementation themes,were integrated through a comparative approach.Results:The development of meal assistance policies for older adults in Shandong Province can be broad-ly divided into three stages:The initial stage,the growth stage,and the deepening stage.Overall,policy tools exhibited a balanced emphasis on supply-oriented and environment-oriented instruments,while demand-oriented instruments remained relatively insufficient.Interview findings indicated that urban areas had primarily adopted a"government subsidy+market operation"model,while rural areas mainly relied on happiness homes,village collective resources,and public welfare positions to deliver meal assis-tance services.However,both urban and rural areas faced common challenges,including a mismatch be-tween financial subsidies and operational costs,a shortage of professional staff,weak motivation for social participation,insufficient expression of demand and sustained spending by older adults,and limited im-plementation capacity at the grassroots level.Meanwhile,some meal assistance sites showed early signs of health-oriented meal assistance practices,such as adjusting menus according to older adults' dietary preferences,chewing ability,and chronic disease conditions,reducing oil and salt in meal preparation,and exploring meal delivery and health education activities.Nevertheless,these efforts remained largely experience-based and fragmented,and had not yet developed into a standardised model.Conclusion:Meal assistance services for older adults are not only a livelihood initiative to ensure access to warm meals for older adults,but also a crucial entry point for promoting balanced diets,maintaining functional capa-city,and achieving healthy aging.Future efforts should focus on refining a tiered and categorized subsidy mechanism,optimizing the differentiated supply structure between urban and rural areas,enhancing demand-side mobilization and social collaboration,strengthening grassroots governance and quality super-vision,and facilitating the transition of meal assistance services from project-based provision to an institu-tionalized and sustainable model.关键词
老年助餐/公共政策/健康老龄化/居家社区养老Key words
Meal assistance for older adults/Public policy/Healthy aging/Home-and community-based care分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
潘薇,陈良侠,张晓菲,张浩宇,闵鹤葳,雷晓燕,孙昕霙,张旭熙..健康老龄化目标下老年助餐服务的政策逻辑与多重困境[J].北京大学学报（医学版）,2026,58(3):560-566,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(72474006、72204008)Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72474006,72204008) （72474006、72204008）
