储能科学与技术2026，Vol.15Issue(6)：2341-2354,14.DOI:10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2026.0047
垂直式重力储能系统能效研究
Energy efficiency analysis of vertical gravity energy storage systems
摘要
Abstract
The engineering advancement of vertical gravity energy storage systems(VGES)for long-duration energy storage makes system efficiency a key indicator of their technical feasibility and economic viability.However,extant studies predominantly depend on theoretical calculations or sub-ton laboratory prototypes,and experimental validation with ton-scale weights remains conspicuously absent.Furthermore,the horizontal transport of masses,a critical component in large-scale gravity energy storage systems,has not yet been integrated into prevailing efficiency evaluation frameworks.This limitation restricts the frameworks'practical application to engineering design.To address these issues,this paper proposes a comprehensive energy-efficiency evaluation method that covers the entire process of vertical lifting and horizontal transportation.A unified representation of mechanical losses in the vertical gravity energy storage system is established,and the impacts of different yard layout configurations on energy losses during horizontal payload transportation are investigated in depth.In accordance with the proposed model,a laboratory prototype was constructed and tested.The prototype had a weight of 2 tons and a drive system with a power output of 7.5 kW.The measured round-trip electrical-to-electrical efficiency reaches 68.22%,with a steady-state efficiency of 71.31%.Mechanical losses dominate across all operating speeds.Subsequent analysis indicates that optimizing the rope-to-sheave diameter ratio can enhance the theoretical cycle efficiency to approximately 76%.Finally,the efficiency of a 5 MW engineering-scale system is evaluated.The multi-rope winding and multi-rope friction lifting schemes can achieve electrical-to-electrical efficiencies of 80.69%and 80.74%,respectively.In these systems,horizontal transport accounts for approximately 20%of total losses,while mechanical losses exceed 40%and remain the primary target for engineering optimization.This study addresses significant gaps in the field of ton-scale experimental validation and horizontal transport energy modeling.It provides essential theoretical foundations and experimental evidence for the engineering design,loss reduction,and efficiency enhancement of vertical gravity energy storage systems.关键词
重力储能/能效模型/实验测试/工程样机Key words
gravity energy storage system/efficiency model/experimental testing/engineering-scale prototype分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
罗晓悦,邱清泉,靖立伟,林玉鑫,董力,陈彦桥,肖立业..垂直式重力储能系统能效研究[J].储能科学与技术,2026,15(6):2341-2354,14.基金项目
国家能源投资集团科技项目(GJNY-24-92) （GJNY-24-92）
齐鲁中科电工先进电磁驱动技术研究院科研基金项目(重力势能储能的关键技术研究). （重力势能储能的关键技术研究）
