金刚石与磨料磨具工程2026，Vol.46Issue(2)：172-188,17.DOI:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2024.0196
金刚石复合材料3D打印研究现状与趋势
Research status and trends of 3D printing of diamond composite materials
摘要
Abstract
Significance:Diamond composites exhibit exceptional properties,including ultra-high hardness,superior wear resistance,and outstanding thermal conductivity,making them indispensable for advanced applications in tool manufacturing,thermal management,and biomedical science.However,traditional fabrication techniques(such as high-pressure high-temperature synthesis and powder metallurgy)face significant limitations:they struggle to produce complex geometries,optimize performance gradients,and achieve efficient material utilization,thereby restricting design flexibility and application scope.To overcome these challenges,3D printing technology has emerged as a transformative approach,offering unparalleled capabilities for geometric freedom,waste reduction,and rapid customization.By systematically evaluating the research progress and unresolved challenges of diamond composite materials in 3D printing,this work aims to accelerate the exploration of diamond composite materials in 3D printing and establish core technical theories for industrial implementation.Progress:This review systematically examines five principal 3D printing technologies—SL,SLS,SLM,LMD,and FDMS—for manufacturing diamond composites,critically assessing their respective advantages and limitations in processing these materials.SL and SLS exhibit advantages in handling polymer-based diamond composites due to their low processing temperature,which minimizes diamond thermal damage,while SLM and LMD excel in metal matrix composites by achieving high densification through precise laser energy control,though challenges remain in balancing diamond retention and matrix bonding.FDMS,on the other hand,offers unique capabilities in manufacturing thin-walled structures with uniform diamond distribution,albeit with higher equipment complexity.Significant application advances are highlighted across key domains.Firstly,in the realm of tool making,3D printing has overcome the long-standing limitations of traditional processes,and the enhanced structure of 3D-printed diamonds significantly improves the cutting performance and durability.By using SLM's high precision in constructing complex lattice structures,grid-structure diamond drill bits have achieved a 67%increase in specific pressure and 40%longer lifespan in hard rock drilling,attributed to optimized stress distribution enabled by tailored porosity.Similarly,porous diamond grinding wheels fabricated via SLM-Al composite processing,through meticulous adjustment of laser parameters to balance porosity and mechanical strength,reached 246 MPa bending strength while maintaining a grinding speed of 12 m/s—performance metrics unattainable with conventional casting methods.FDMS further extended tool capabilities by producing ultrathin diamond saw blades that eliminate thermal damage during cutting,a breakthrough enabled by its ability to control diamond-matrix interface integrity at microscale.Secondly,for thermal management materials,3D-printed composites achieve substantially enhanced thermal conductivity and tailored thermal expansion properties.For Cu-coated diamond/Cu systems processed by SLM,strategic optimization of diamond-to-copper ratio and coating thickness enhanced interfacial bonding,resulting in thermal conductivity of 300 W/(m·K).This approach was extended to Diamond/SiC composites via SL,where particle gradation optimization combined with laser energy density control yielded 245.68 W/(m·K)thermal conductivity,demonstrating the scalability of 3D printing in high-performance thermal materials.Polymer-diamond coils,fabricated using SL process,leveraged precise control over diamond dispersion to reduce coolant temperature from 39℃to 25℃,highlighting the technology's versatility across material systems.Finally,biomedical science applications have similarly benefited from the synergy between diamond's intrinsic properties and 3D printing's design flexibility.LMD-fabricated Ti-diamond scaffolds,through careful tuning of laser power and deposition thickness to achieve optimal porosity,enhanced osteoblast viability by 30%while reducing bacterial adhesion—key metrics for bone tissue engineering.SLM produced Ti implants coated with PCD,engineered to 65.7 nm nanoroughness via controlled laser surface modification,significantly improved bone integration compared to polished surfaces.Utilizing the LMD process to print Ti-diamond composite hybrid electrodes and evaluate their feasibility for neuron interface applications,further expanding the potential of 3D-printed diamond composites in the biomedical field.These advancements collectively demonstrate how 3D printing enables the tailored design of diamond composite structures to meet the stringent requirements of biomedical environments.Conclusions and Prospects:Future research will focus on material innovations including nano-reinforced metal matrices(such as Ti/Cr-doped materials)and functionally graded designs to enhance interfacial bonding and multifunctional integration.Precision manufacturing requires AI-driven parameter optimization and multi-laser synchronous scanning SLM platforms to improve production efficiency while minimizing energy consumption.For biomedical science fields,developing diamond composites with controlled porosity and sp3-rich surfaces is critical to advance osseointegration and long-term implant stability.Industrial scalability necessitates cost reduction strategies such as reusable diamond feedstocks and domestic production of 3D printing systems(such as continuous fiber-reinforced 3D printing).Interdisciplinary integration with emerging techniques like laser ablation and shockwave-assisted sintering will enable next-generation components with synergistic functionalities.Addressing these priorities will promote the translation of laboratory innovations into industrial and clinical applications.关键词
3D打印/金刚石复合材料/工具制造/热管理材料/生物医学Key words
3D printing/diamond composite material/tool making/thermal management materials/biomedical science分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
刘志环,刘艳群,韩文,朱喆,于盛睿,徐磊,黄继伟,李青洲..金刚石复合材料3D打印研究现状与趋势[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2026,46(2):172-188,17.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(52065029,51741505) （52065029,51741505）
江西省自然科学基金(20212ACB204013,20202BABL204038) （20212ACB204013,20202BABL204038）
江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ211323). （GJJ211323）
