林业科学研究2026，Vol.39Issue(3)：150-160,11.DOI:10.12403/j.1001-1498.20250234
苇河红松种子园种实性状丰产优质无性系选择
Selection of High-Yielding and High-Quality Clones with Seed Traits in a Pinus koraiensis Seed Orchard at Weihe
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to select high-yielding and superior-quality clones from the clonal seed orchard of Pinus koraiensis established in 1984 in the Weihe region,through an investigation of fruit-ing traits,determination of seed and nutritional traits,followed by principal component analysis(PCA).[Methods]The fruiting traits of clones in the Pinus koraiensis seed orchard were investigated,and seed and nutritional traits of the selected high-yield clones were determined.Statistical analyses including vari-ation analysis,analysis of variance(ANOVA),correlation analysis,and principal component analysis(PCA),were employed for selecting high-yield and superior-quality clones.[Results]Variation analysis of fruiting traits across 99 clones revealed a high average coefficient of variation(CV)of 153.4%for the total number of cones per tree,whereas the CV for the number of cones per fertile tree was relatively low at 85.0%.Based on the criteria that the average number of total cones and fertile tree cones exceeded the population mean,37 high-yield clones were initially selected from the 99 clones.ANOVA of the seed and nutritional traits of these 37 clones revealed extremely significant differences in key traits including cone dry weight,seed weight per cone,number of seeds per cone,1 000-kernel weight,30-kernel weight,ker-nel rate,seed rate,triglyceride content,and protein content.Protein content showed the lowest CV at 6.4%,indicating high genetic stability.Correlation analysis indicated that yield-related traits,such as cone dry weight,were extremely significantly positively correlated with seed weight per cone(r=0.866,p<0.01).Nutritional traits,including triglyceride and protein content,showed weak correlations with both morpholo-gical and yield indices(|r|<0.24).PCA on the eight seed and nutritional traits of the 37 clones identified the top 20%of clones based on the comprehensive score.Five superior-quality clones(No.170,160,24,86,102)were selected.Compared with the population mean,these five clones showed a 5.88%increase in total cone number(average 15.3),a 12.9%increase in cone dry weight(average 197.7 g),an 8.8%in-crease in 1 000-kernel weight(average 649.7 g),a 7.1%increase in kernel rate(average 35.2%),and a 5.4%increase in triglyceride content(average 56.2%).Multiple comparison analysis showed that these clones ranked among the top 15 for 1 000-kernel weight,average cone length,number of seeds per cone,and 30-kernel weight.[Conclusion]A two-stage selection process was applied:first,37 high-yield clones were selected based on fruiting traits;second,the top 20%were selected based on comprehensive seed and nutritional trait rankings,eliminating inferior clones.Ultimately,5 superior clones(No.170,160,24,86,102)were identified,demonstrating excellent overall performance characterized by high fecundity and su-perior nutritional quality.The breeding method proposed in this study provides theoretical guidance for the evaluation and selection of elite Pinus koraiensis varieties,and the selected superior clones can be pro-moted in mountainous areas of Heilongjiang and regions with similar site conditions.关键词
红松/种子园/结实性状/种实性状/营养性状/无性系选择Key words
Pinus koraiensis/Seed orchard/fruiting traits/seed traits/nutritional traits/clone selection分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
田晓玉,张磊,张丙云,刘洪志,张含国..苇河红松种子园种实性状丰产优质无性系选择[J].林业科学研究,2026,39(3):150-160,11.基金项目
国家重点研发项目"北方针叶树种种子园高产高效技术研究"(2023YFD2200605) （2023YFD2200605）
黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划项目"红松良种选育、高效培育技术示范与推广"(GA19B201-3) （GA19B201-3）
