农业机械学报2026，Vol.57Issue(13)：408-418,11.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2026.13.035
考虑旋转效应的转轮圆盘结构模态特性研究
Modal Characteristics of Runner Disk Structures Considering Rotation Effect
摘要
Abstract
During frequent start-stop operations and variable working conditions,pump-turbine runners are prone to complex vibration phenomena,and their modal characteristics are directly related to the operational safety and stability of the unit.To investigate the influence of rotation effects on the modal characteristics of disk structures,a fluid-structure interaction numerical approach based on acoustic-structure coupling was employed to analyze the modal behavior of a disk under different rotational speeds and fluid environment.The results showed that,in air,rotation effects caused nodal diameter modes of the disk to split from standing waves into forward and backward traveling wave modes.As the number of nodal diameters increased,the modal frequencies became more sensitive to variations in rotational speed.In contrast,nodal circle modes were scarcely affected by rotation effects.For coupled nodal diameter-nodal circle modes,frequency splitting occurred,and the coupled mode shapes were not completely dominated by rotation effects,resulting in modal displacements that firstly decreased and then increased.However,due to the weak equivalent effect of rotation in low-density air,the disk frequencies exhibited only slight variations with rotational speed,and the frequency splitting phenomenon was not pronounced.Due to the combined influence of relative rotation between the disk structure and the surrounding water as well as rotation effects,the nodal diameter modes of a rotating disk in water exhibited pronounced frequency splitting.Specifically,at a rotational frequency of 8 Hz,the backward traveling wave frequency of the(2,0)mode was increased by 8.11 Hz,accounting for approximately 5.9%of the stationary disk frequency.The forward traveling wave frequency of the(3,0)mode was decreased by 9.92 Hz,accounting for approximately 2.9%of the stationary disk frequency.Unlike the rotating disk in the air,the frequencies of the forward and backward traveling waves varied linearly with rotational speed,and the frequency difference between them was increased linearly as the rotational speed increased.Meanwhile,both the frequency reduction rate and the added mass coefficient also showed linear growth with rotational speed.Different fluid environments exerted distinct influences on the modal characteristics of rotating disks.In seawater,the frequency splitting difference between the forward and backward traveling waves increased slightly to 16.33 Hz.In aerated water,the speed of sound was 1 000 m/s,and the density was 980 kg/m3,the natural frequencies of the disk was increased slightly,and the frequency splitting difference between the forward and backward waves was similar to that in pure water,at 16.03 Hz.The findings can provide theoretical support for vibration characteristic analysis and structural optimization design of rotating disk-like structures such as pump-turbine runners.关键词
水泵水轮机/转轮/圆盘/旋转效应/模态特性/数值模拟Key words
pump turbine/runner/disk/rotation effect/modal characteristic/numerical simulation分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
王薇,敬若玺,曾永顺,夏翔..考虑旋转效应的转轮圆盘结构模态特性研究[J].农业机械学报,2026,57(13):408-418,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52206048)和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2025MS072、2024JC003) （52206048）
