环境与职业医学2026，Vol.43Issue(5)：656-662,7.DOI:10.11836/JEOM25412
乙酰唑胺在急性低氧暴露中的神经保护作用机制进展
Research progress on molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effects of acetazolamide under acute hypoxic exposure
摘要
Abstract
Acute hypoxic exposure can induce functional brain impairment,driven by molecular mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction,intracellular calcium overload,glial cell activa-tion and inflammatory responses,blood-brain barrier disruption,and alterated cerebral blood flow.Acetazolamide,a broad-spectrum carbonic anhydrase inhibitor,is a standard clinical treat-ment and remains the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness.Substantial evidence confirms that under acute hypoxic exposure,acetazolamide exerts multi-level neuroprotective effects on brain tissue by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase VB and other isoforms.These protective mechanisms involve preserving mitochondrial integrity,regulating calcium homeostasis and pH balance,modulating glial cell activity to mitigate neuroinflammation,maintaining blood-brain barrier structure in-tegrity,and improving cerebral perfusion through cerebrovascular regulation.This article reviewed the molecular pathological mechanisms of hypoxia-induced nervous system damage,summarized the pharmacological properties and neuroprotective effects of acetazolamide,and provided a theoretical basis for therapeutic interventions against high-altitude hypoxic neural injury.关键词
急性低氧暴露/急性高原反应/神经保护/乙酰唑胺Key words
acute hypoxic exposure/acute mountain sickness/neuroprotection/acetazolamide分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
傅琪,王瑜,官瑞丽,邹远康,杜可军..乙酰唑胺在急性低氧暴露中的神经保护作用机制进展[J].环境与职业医学,2026,43(5):656-662,7.基金项目
国家重点研发项目(2023YFA1801200) （2023YFA1801200）
国家自然科学基金项目(81872577) （81872577）
陕西省社发攻关项目(2016SF-233) （2016SF-233）
教育部长江学者创新团队计划项目(PCSIRT1112) （PCSIRT1112）
空军军医大学校研重点项目(2023-13-5) （2023-13-5）
