农业机械学报2026，Vol.57Issue(14)：333-342,10.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2026.14.032
生物炭秸秆混施下氮肥后移对苏打盐碱土壤养分和水稻生长的影响
Effects of Biochar Straw Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nutrients in Soda Saline-alkali Soil and Rice Growth
摘要
Abstract
Aiming to investigate the effects of biochar-straw co-application and nitrogen fertilizer on the synergistic regulation of nutrient content in sodic saline-alkali soil and rice growth,a two-year field experiment on rice was conducted from 2024 to 2025.The experiment used a split-plot design with four straw returning treatments:control(CK,no straw returning);straw alone at 9 t/hm2(F);biochar 1 t/hm2+straw 6 t/hm2(M1)and biochar 2 t/hm2+straw 3 t/hm2(M2).The base fertilizer was set:tillering fertilizer as panicle fertilizer 4∶4∶2(N1,nitrogen applied later),and base fertilizer as tillering fertilizer 4∶6(N2,conventional fertilization),totally two types of nitrogen treatments.The research results indicated that:compared with treatment F,the combined application of biochar and straw increased soil nutrient content during the early growth stage and improved the photosynthetic characteristics of rice,with treatment M1 performing better than M2.Specifically,soil ammonium nitrogen in the regreening period under M1 was increased by 5.43%compared with that of treatment F.The deferred application of nitrogen fertilizer further enhanced soil nitrogen content during the jointing and panicle initiation stages and significantly improved rice photosynthetic performance.SPAD,stomatal conductance,and net photosynthetic rate under treatment M1N1 were significantly higher than those under M1N2 by 8.83%,9.79%,and 10.42%,respectively.In addition,M1N1 simultaneously optimized rice grain nitrogen content,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield,with the highest two-year yield reaching 7 614.05 kg/hm2.The comprehensive evaluation results based on the entropy weight TOPSIS model indicated that the M1N1 treatment had the highest relative closeness,with an evaluation grade of'excellent'.In summary,the combined application of biochar and straw at1∶6 ratio along with nitrogen fertilizer was an effective model for synergistically ameliorating sodic saline-alkali soil,enhancing rice photosynthetic capacity,and achieving high yield and nitrogen utilization.关键词
生物炭/秸秆/氮肥后移/土壤养分/水稻产量Key words
biochar/straw/nitrogen fertilizer relocation/soil nutrients/rice yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
杨爱峥,杜宇航,王秋菊,王小芳,刘继龙,李茉..生物炭秸秆混施下氮肥后移对苏打盐碱土壤养分和水稻生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2026,57(14):333-342,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500600)、国家自然科学基金项目(52379036)、黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(ZL2024E004)、北大荒信息有限公司水稻田需水模型开发项目(BDHXX-JS-2025050)和自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室开放课题(2024KFKT012) （2023YFD1500600）
