药学研究2026，Vol.45Issue(5)：570-576,7.DOI:10.13506/j.cnki.jpr.2026.05.013
基于功能核酸传感策略应用于农残快速分析的思考
Thoughts on the application of functional nucleic acid sensing strategy in rapid analysis of pesticide residues
摘要
Abstract
Functional nucleic acid-based sensing strategies have emerged as efficient solutions for the on-site rapid detection of pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),owing to their high specificity in molecular recognition,flexible and diverse structural design,and excellent compatibility with various signal output modes such as fluorescence,electrochemistry,and colorimetry.In recent years,these strategies have been progressively developed in the field of TCM pesticide residue detection and can be broadly categorized into three main technical routes.Firstly,aptamer-mediated strategies represent the most mature and widely applied route,capable of detecting approximately 20 common pesticides with limits of detection(LODs)as low as the nig·mL-1 level.Secondly,enzyme activity inhibition-based strategies feature simple system construction and allow for visual judgment;However,their current application is limited to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides,and their accuracy can be compromised by interference from complex TCM matrices.Lastly,signal amplification-based strategies offer the highest sensitivity,achieving LODs ranging from pg·mL-1 to ng·mL-1 levels,making them suitable for trace pesticide detection.Nonetheless,challenges remain regarding the stability of their core components within complex TCM matrices.This article systematically reviews the detection mechanisms,performance characteristics,and application status of these three sensing strategies,and discusses their optimization directions and application prospects for quality control in TCM.关键词
农药残留/中药/适配体/成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列/信号放大Key words
Pesticide residues/Traditional Chinese medicine/Aptamer/CRISPR/Signal amplification分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
吴雨欣,丁悦,刘锐,姜大峰,高希宝,李启艳..基于功能核酸传感策略应用于农残快速分析的思考[J].药学研究,2026,45(5):570-576,7.基金项目
山东省自然科学基金项目(No.ZR2023MH249、ZR2023QE331) （No.ZR2023MH249、ZR2023QE331）
中国博士后科学基金项目(No.2025M773938) （No.2025M773938）
山东省中医药科技项目(No.M20241840) （No.M20241840）
山东省中医药学会临床药学研究专项基金项目(No.SDACM202204) （No.SDACM202204）
