水资源保护2026，Vol.42Issue(3)：209-217,9.DOI:10.3880/j.issn.1004-6933.2026.03.024
基于污水处理成本分摊的中国湿地水质净化服务单价核算
Calculation of unit price for water purification service of wetlands in China based on sewage treatment cost allocation
摘要
Abstract
Against the theoretical limitations and practical challenges of directly adopting tax rates specified in the Environmental Protection Tax Law of People's Republic of China as substitution costs,this study establishes a multi-method framework for apportioning the operating costs of wastewater treatment,aiming to calculate pollutant removal unit costs that more closely reflect actual abatement costs.Using nationwide macro-statistical data of centralized wastewater treatment plants from 2015 to 2023,the unit operating costs for removing CODCr,TN and TP are quantified via four approaches:characterization factor method,comprehensive trophic state index method,equivalent pollution load method,and environmental protection tax(EPT)pollution equivalent method.The results indicate that,compared with the cost allocation derived from EPT pollution equivalent method,all alternative methods reveal that the prevailing EPT criteria substantially underestimate the purification value of TN and TP.Optimized based on the equivalent pollution load method(using non-lake/reservoir limit values for TP),the cost apportionment ratios for CODCr,TN and TP are set at 25%,55%and 20%,respectively.Accordingly,the 2023 unit prices for wetland purification service are calculated as 3.3 CNY/kg for CODCr,59.3 CNY/kg for TN and 167.3 CNY/kg for TP.Developed on basis of actual operating expenditure of domestic wastewater treatment facilities,the proposed pricing system overcomes current limitations of using environmental protection tax rates in ecosystem service valuation and provides robust scientific support for gross ecosystem product(GEP)accounting,eco-compensation standard setting and EPT environmental reform.关键词
湿地生态系统/净化服务/单价确定/成本分摊/替代成本法/环境保护税Key words
wetland ecosystem/purification service/unit price determination/cost allocation/substitution cost method/environmental protection tax引用本文复制引用
王寿兵,张雨轩,张云楚,刘金会,赵春枝,范继军..基于污水处理成本分摊的中国湿地水质净化服务单价核算[J].水资源保护,2026,42(3):209-217,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52270179) （52270179）
