中国农村水利水电Issue(6)：75-80,90,7.DOI:10.12396/znsd.2501316
适应宽变幅流量量测的径流站量水堰过流能力试验研究
Experimental Study on the Flow Capacity of Flow-Measuring Weirs at Runoff Stations with Wide Flow Variations
摘要
Abstract
The runoff and confluence processes in many gullies of Northwest China are characterized by very small base flows under normal conditions,but by rapid flood responses during the rainy season,featuring high flow peaks,large flow variations,and considerable sediment loads.For runoff observation stations built on such gullies,flow-measuring weirs must be capable of adapting to wide fluctuations in flow magnitude and the influences of sediment-laden water.In this study,a newly constructed compound-section flow-measuring weir at a runoff station in a gully of Northwest China was selected as the research object.A 1∶32 physical model was established to carry out flow capacity tests and analyze the stage-flow relationships across a large flow range of 4～1 000 m³/s.The test results were verified using an electromagnetic flowmeter to ensure measurement accuracy.The results indicate that during high-flow conditions,the entire cross-section of the weir conveys flow,and the relationship between measured flow and flow depth follows a quadratic function.The measured water level agrees well with the designed stage,and the fitting accuracy is satisfactory.Under low-flow conditions,water passes only through the measuring trough of the compound section,where the stage-flow relationship still maintains a quadratic pattern,but the rate of flow increase is significantly reduced.A distinct inflection occurs as the flow transitions from the triangular section to the rectangular section.Near the two boundary transition points of the weir,the stage-flow relationship becomes less stable due to complex hydraulic interactions and local energy losses.Furthermore,the influence of sediment concentration on the flow capacity and flow coefficient was analyzed.When the sediment concentration is below 60 kg/m³,the flow coefficient of sediment-laden flow is nearly identical to that of clear water.As sediment concentration increases from 60 to 200 kg/m³,the flow coefficient decreases gradually with rising sediment content.However,when the sediment concentration exceeds 200 kg/m³,changes in the rheological properties of the sediment-laden flow lead to reduced turbulence intensity and energy dissipation,resulting in a subsequent increase in the flow coefficient with higher sediment concentration.Based on statistical regression analysis,empirical relationships between the flow coefficient of sediment-laden flow and discharge under different sediment concentrations were established.These relationships were further validated through flow measurements during the 2024 flood season.The findings provide a reliable scientific basis for the design and hydraulic calibration of flow-measuring weirs at runoff observation stations in similar environments.关键词
量水堰/模型试验/过流能力/流量系数/含沙量/流变特性Key words
weir/model test/fow capacity/flow coefficient/sediment concentration/rheological properties分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
刘明潇,孟亚旭,王旭,孟奔,段亚涛,孙东坡..适应宽变幅流量量测的径流站量水堰过流能力试验研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2026,(6):75-80,90,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U2243220) （U2243220）
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3011400/2023YFC3011402) （2023YFC3011400/2023YFC3011402）
华北水利水电大学硕士研究生创新能力提升工程项目(NCWUYC-202416010). （NCWUYC-202416010）
