摘要
Abstract
Based on the rice-rapeseed rotation production practice in Huoqiu County,Lu'an City,Anhui Province,this paper analyzed the current status of rice stubble rapeseed cultivation,constructed a high yield cultivation technical system,and carried out its promotion and application.The rice-stubble rapeseed production in this region faces challenges such as tight stubble turnover between rice harvest and rapeseed sowing,heavy and high bulk density paddy soil,as well as waterlogging,freezing injury and drought.To address these issues,a high yield cultivation technical system was established,focusing on crop rotation optimization,soil improvement,stress-tolerant variety screening,and stress-resilient cultivation coupled with loss-reducing harvesting technologies.Specifically,medium-maturing hybrid indica rice(growth period of approximately 125-131 d)and early-to-medium maturing rapeseed varieties(growth period of approximately 210-220 d)were selected to ensure a farmland operational window of at least 25 days.The dual rotary tillage combined with deep furrow and high ridge technique was promoted for soil improvement.Stress-tolerant varieties such as Fengyou 737 and Zhongyouza 501 were selected to enhance climate resilience.Soil-applied pre-emergence herbicides were applied after sowing and before seedling emergence,followed by post-emergence foliar herbicide application at the 2-4 leaf stage of weeds.Basal fertilizers(40-50 kg/667 m² of 40%rapeseed-specific slow-release fertilizer+0.75-1.00 kg/667 m² of borax)were adequately applied,supplemented with urea topdressing at the three-leaf stage,around the winter solstice and at the stem elongation stage,as well as foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate,available boron fertilizer and urea solution at the initial and full flowering stages.The"two-step harvesting method"(a harvester equipped with a cutting device followed by a combine harvester equipped with a crushing and spreading device)was adopted for harvest.The practical application in Huoqiu County in 2024 showed that this high yield cultivation model achieved an average rapeseed yield of 2 316.0 kg/hm² and a net profit of 7 609.2 yuan/hm²,while reducing the application rates of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,thereby generating favorable economic,ecological and social benefits.This paper provides a technical reference for high yield cultivation of rice stubble rapeseed in the Jianghuai region and other similar ecological areas.关键词
稻茬油菜/抗逆栽培/茬口衔接/土壤改良/减损收获Key words
rice-stubble rapeseed/stress-resistant cultivation/stubble coordination/soil improvement/loss-reducing harvest分类
农业科技
