北京大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.62Issue(3)：549-560,12.DOI:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2025.111
基于数值模拟的地震引发海底压强变化的特征分析
Characteristic Analysis of Seafloor Pressure Variations Generated by Earthquakes Based on Numerical Simulation
摘要
Abstract
When a submarine earthquake occurs,pressure sensors deployed on the seafloor can record the pressure variations induced by the earthquake.Currently there is no quantitative application for utilizing earthquake-induced pressure variations.In this study,SPECFEM3D program was employed to construct a numerical model of a submarine earthquake,and simulate the rupture process and the associated seafloor pressure variations.The spatial distribution characteristics of the seafloor pressure signals were analyzed.The results indicate that at stations far from the source region,the low-frequency pressure p induced by the earthquake and vertical acceleration a of the seafloor satisfies the theoretical relationship p=ρha.In areas near the source,this theoretical relationship no longer holds,and the transition boundary between these two regimes is related to the earthquake source depth.If other source parameters are the same,such as magnitude and rake,the source depth determines the permanent seafloor deformation,which provides valuable insights for assessing tsunami threat potential.Additionally,it is found that Rayleigh waves can be recorded outside a certain range of the source region,and the pressure variations caused by Rayleigh waves exhibit an amplification effect compared with seismic body waves.The locations of stations where Rayleigh wave amplification occurs are also related to earthquake source depth,providing useful insights for tsunami early warning.关键词
地震海啸生成过程/海底永久形变/海底压强/瑞利波Key words
earthquake-induced tsunami generation process/permanent seafloor deformation/seafloor pressure/Rayleigh waves引用本文复制引用
宋林涧,安超..基于数值模拟的地震引发海底压强变化的特征分析[J].北京大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,62(3):549-560,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2024YFF0506800)和国家自然科学基金(T2122012)资助 （2024YFF0506800）
