口腔疾病防治2026，Vol.34Issue(7)：709-719,11.DOI:10.12016/j.issn.2096-1456.202660004
N-乙酰半胱氨酸在口腔感染性疾病防治中的研究进展
Research progress on N-acetylcysteine in the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases
摘要
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine(NAC)is an acetylated derivative of cysteine that exerts multiple biological activities,in-cluding antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,and mucolytic effects,and has been widely used clinically for the treatment of respiratory diseases.NAC not only directly scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and strengthens endogenous antioxidant defenses by promoting glutathione synthesis but also modulates immune responses and sup-presses inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B,thereby attenuating inflammation.In addition,NAC disrupts biofilm architecture by cleaving disulfide bonds,reduces microbial virulence,and enhances the penetra-tion of antimicrobial agents,conferring robust antibacterial and antibiofilm activities.The initiation and progression of oral diseases—including dental caries,periodontal disease,pulpal-periapical disease,and infectious oral mucositis—are closely associated with pathogenic infection,oxidative stress,and dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses.NAC can inhibit Streptococcus mutans adhesion and biofilm formation,thereby reducing cariogenic virulence;mitigate periodontal tissue destruction through antimicrobial,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant actions,and may modulate bone metabolism;enhance the clearance of Enterococcus faecalis biofilms and improve the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy;and inhibit the growth and hyphal formation of Candida albicans.Collectively,NAC is emerging as a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases.This review systematically summarizes the major bioactivi-ties of NAC,its mechanistic actions in oral infectious diseases,and its therapeutic prospects,with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for future basic and clinical investigations.关键词
N-乙酰半胱氨酸/龋病/牙周炎/牙髓根尖周病/口腔黏膜感染/变异链球菌/粪肠球菌/白色念珠菌/生物膜/氧化应激Key words
N-acetylcysteine/dental caries/periodontitis/pulp and periapical diseases/oral mucosal infec-tion/Streptococcus mutans/Enterococcus faecalis/Candida albicans/biofilm/oxidative stress分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
杨加珍,邹静,张琼..N-乙酰半胱氨酸在口腔感染性疾病防治中的研究进展[J].口腔疾病防治,2026,34(7):709-719,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(825171078) （825171078）
四川省自然科学基金项目(2026NSFSC0483) This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.825171078),Sichuan Natu-ral Science Foundation(No.2026NSFSC0483).The funder had no role in the study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript. （2026NSFSC0483）
