干旱区研究2026，Vol.43Issue(6)：1201-1216,16.DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2026.06.08
博斯腾湖以北绿洲区地下水化学特征时空变化规律及形成机制
Temporal and spatial variation and formation mechanisms of groundwater chemical characteristics in the oasis area North of Bosten Lake
摘要
Abstract
Revealing the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and driving mechanisms of groundwater chemis-try in the oasis region north of Bosten Lake can support the precise implementation of groundwater protection in this area.Using groundwater sample data from two periods(2016 and 2025)combined with groundwater flow field characteristics,this study employed mathematical statistics,hydrochemical diagrams,hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope methods,and the UNMIX model for systematic analysis.The results show that groundwater in the study area is generally neutral to weakly alkaline;the mean total dissolved solids(TDS)of phreatic water de-creased,while confined water remained slightly saline.The evolution of hydrochemical components was con-trolled by the groundwater burial depth gradient from the northwest recharge area to the southeast discharge area.As the runoff path extended and the water table became shallower,intense evaporation-concentration processes drove the accumulation of high TDS and major ion concentrations toward the southeastern lakeside zone.The an-ion composition became dominated by SO2-4,the medium-to-high-value area of NO-3 concentration continued to expand,and the HCO-3 concentration underwent a fundamental change.The chemical type of phreatic water re-mained stable,while the confined water tended toward the SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg type.Comprehensive analyses based on Gibbs diagrams,end-member plots,and ionic ratios indicate that groundwater hydrochemical evolution is jointly controlled by rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization,with rock weathering being dominant.Car-bonate influence has weakened,whereas silicate and evaporite dissolution has intensified,and cation exchange is predominantly positive.Agricultural input is an important anthropogenic source of elevated NO-3,while Cl-en-richment is mainly controlled by evaporation-concentration and evaporite dissolution,with additional influence from agricultural activities.The UNMIX model identified three major factors:an agricultural input-nitrification factor,an industrial input-silicate weathering composite factor,and a dissolution-evaporation-concentration salini-zation factor,contributing 22.22%,41.64%,and 36.14%,respectively.关键词
绿洲区/地下水化学/时空变化/形成机制/博斯腾湖Key words
oasis area/groundwater chemistry/spatiotemporal variation/formation mechanisms/Bosten Lake引用本文复制引用
陈拓,周殷竹,周金龙,曾妍妍,彭昱清,春秀,黄泽宏..博斯腾湖以北绿洲区地下水化学特征时空变化规律及形成机制[J].干旱区研究,2026,43(6):1201-1216,16.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项课题"博斯腾湖生态环境及渔业生产潜力的调查与评价"(2023B02037-1) （2023B02037-1）
新疆维吾尔自治区寒旱区水资源与生态水利工程研究中心(院士专家工作站)项目(2023.C-004) （院士专家工作站）
