海洋预报2026，Vol.43Issue(3)：66-81,16.DOI:10.11737/j.issn.1003-0239.2026.03.007
台风"格美"倒槽雨带中"列车效应"的中尺度特征及成因分析
Mesoscale characteristics and formation mechanisms of the"train effect"within the inverted trough rainband of Typhoon"Gaemi"
摘要
Abstract
This research utilized raindrop spectrum data,radar data,satellite observations,and ERA5 reanalysis data to diagnose the mesoscale characteristics and convective triggering and maintenance mechanisms of the"train effect"within the inverted trough rainband of Typhoon"Gaemi"(2024 No.3).The results show that from 04:00 to 12:00 on July 28,the mid-level cold air behind the westerly trough and the typhoon inverted trough jointly influenced Shandong.The persistent shear line formed between the low-level southerly jet and the northeasterly winds was stably maintained over the central part of shandong and the northwestern part of the Shandong Peninsula,ultimately leading to the formation of the"train effect".During the period influenced by the"train effect",high reflectivity factor zones,zones with large gradients of Top Brightness Temperature,and short-duration heavy precipitation areas coincide,with the heavy precipitation exhibiting characteristics of maritime convective precipitation.Upstream of the strong echo band associated with the"train effect",specifically in the junction area of Jining,Zaozhuang,and Linyi,there is a rapid enhancement of echoes.The reflectivity factor of convective cells increases sharply,the echo center height rises quickly,and the cells propagate backward.In contrast,within the strong echo band of the"train effect"the convective cells have already reached a mature stage,with little change in the echo center height and the intensity of the reflectivity factor.The high-temperature and high-humidity region(Pseudo-equivalent potential temperature≥348 K),the water vapor flux convergence line,and the area of negative water vapor flux divergence throughout the layer are consistently located near the train line.Sustained strong convergence acting on abundant moisture and energy constitutes essential conditions for the"train effect"formation.Distinct mechanisms for both triggering and maintaining convection characterize the rapid echo enhancement region.From 04:00 to 08:00,convergence within the wind field at the apex of the typhoon inverted trough triggers conditional symmetric instability,with the strong convergence center tilting northward as it developed from the lower levels to 500 hPa.From 08:00 to 12:00,the confrontation between the surface cold pool and the low-level warm and moist airflow triggers new convection.The intrusion of dry and cold air with high potential vorticity into the mid-levels promotes the development of positive vorticity advection.The strong baroclinicity and the suction effect of positive vorticity advection lead to low-level convergence and ascent,further intensifying the"train effect".关键词
台风倒槽/"列车效应"/中层冷空气/冷池Key words
typhoon inverted trough/"train effect"/middle-level cold air/cold pool分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
胡晓琳,李君,周莉,贾瑞,李妍,何康敏..台风"格美"倒槽雨带中"列车效应"的中尺度特征及成因分析[J].海洋预报,2026,43(3):66-81,16.基金项目
山东省气象局重大天气过程专项(SDTQ2024-05) （SDTQ2024-05）
气象灾害预测预警与应急管理研究中心2025年自筹项目(ZHYJ25-ZC05) （ZHYJ25-ZC05）
山东省气象局引导类项目(2022SDYD14) （2022SDYD14）
珠江流域(华南区域)气象科研开放基金项目(ZJLY202423-HU03) （华南区域）
淮河流域气象开放研究基金(HRM202416). （HRM202416）
