环境与职业医学2026，Vol.43Issue(6)：676-683,8.DOI:10.11836/JEOM25535
孕前及孕期PM2.5及其化学组分暴露与大于胎龄儿发生风险的关联性研究
Associations of preconception and prenatal exposures to PM2.5 and its chemical components with risk of large-for-gestational age births
摘要
Abstract
[Background]Large-for-gestational-age(LGA)births are associated with adverse perinatal out-comes and increased risks of offspring obesity,metabolic syndrome,and cardiovascular diseases later in life.Beyond traditional risk factors,exposure to environmental factors,especially fine particulate matter(PM2.5),before and during pregnancy may contribute to excessive fetal growth;however,the roles of specific chemical constituents and critical exposure windows remain unclear. [Objective]To examine the associations between maternal exposures to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents before and during pregnancy and the risk of delivering LGA infants. [Methods]Singleton pregnancies from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project between 2010 and 2014 were included.Individual exposures to PM2.5 and its constituents were estimated for preconception and pregnancy windows using geocoded residential addresses.The associations of single and mixed exposures with LGA risk were analyzed using generalized linear models(GLMs)and qg-computation. [Results]Exposures to PM2.5 and its major chemical constituents were significantly associated with an increased LGA risk,with differences in effect magnitude across components.Secondary inorganic aerosols showed the strongest associations.For full-pregnancy exposure,nitrate(OR=1.330,95%CI:1.313,1.347),ammonium(OR=1.279,95%CI:1.263,1.295),and sulfate(OR=1.242,95%CI:1.227,1.257)had larger effects on LGA risk than black carbon and organic matter.Analysis by exposure window indicated that the month preceding con-ception and the third trimester of pregnancy were critical exposure windows for susceptibility,while the strongest effect was observed for full-pregnancy exposure,suggesting a cumulative effect over time.Mixed exposure analysis further showed that nitrate and sulfate consistently accounted for the main positive contributions across different time windows. [Conclusion]Maternal exposures to PM2.5 and its chemical components before and during pregnancy are associated with an elevated LGA risk.Nitrate and sulfate show consistent and strong associations across pregnancy stages,underscoring the importance of component composition and exposure timing in fetal overgrowth.关键词
细颗粒物/化学组分/硝酸盐/硫酸盐/大于胎龄儿Key words
fine particulate matter/chemical component/nitrate/sulfate/large for gestational age分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
邬迪,彭勃,刘星言,张亚,任周鹏,王媛媛,马旭..孕前及孕期PM2.5及其化学组分暴露与大于胎龄儿发生风险的关联性研究[J].环境与职业医学,2026,43(6):676-683,8.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1000301) This study was funded. （2016YFC1000301）
