棉纺织技术2026，Vol.54Issue(7)：11-20,10.DOI:10.26967/j.issn1000-7415.202604010
典型有机气凝胶材料在热防护中的应用进展
Advances in the application of typical organic aerogel materials for thermal protection
摘要
Abstract
To advance the research and application of organic aerogels for thermal protection,the preparation process,thermal protection mechanism and application situation of three typical organic aerogels for thermal protection were systematically reviewed,including cotton cellulose aerogel,aramid aerogel and polyimide aerogel.Firstly,the preparation processes of various aerogel materials and mechanisms of governing their pore structures were analyzed,and the enhancement of aerogel thermal stability through chemical crosslinking,flame retardant modification and organic-inorganic composites was discussed.Secondly,a comparative analysis of the differences among the three types of aerogel materials in terms of raw material source and sustainability,preparation process and pore structure regulation,thermal stability and flame retardancy,mechanical property and flexibility adaptability,as well as typical application positioning was conducted.Finally,the current applications of the three types of aerogels in aerospace,personal thermal protection and thermal management for new energy power batteries were summarized.It was pointed out that cotton cellulose aerogels offered the advantages of being green,renewable and low-cost,making them suitable for flexible protection at medium and low temperature.Aramid aerogels,leveraging their rigid aromatic backbone,exhibited outstanding intrinsic flame retardancy and mechanical stability,making them suitable for high-temperature thermal protection scenarios.Polyimide aerogels,meanwhile,demonstrated superior structural stability and molecular structural designability in high-temperature environments ranging from 300℃～600℃.Looking ahead,research efforts should be focused on overcoming challenges in low-cost,large-scale manufacturing technology,such as atmospheric-pressure drying,while continuing to advance toward multifunctional intelligent integration and reliability for long-term service in extreme environments.关键词
气凝胶/热防护/棉纤维素/芳纶/聚酰亚胺Key words
aerogel/thermal protection/cotton cellulose/aramid/polyimide分类
通用工业技术引用本文复制引用
周宇,李婷婷,任海涛,林佳弘,楼静文..典型有机气凝胶材料在热防护中的应用进展[J].棉纺织技术,2026,54(7):11-20,10.基金项目
中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2025029) （2025029）
天津市消防安全技术重点实验室开放基金项目(2025TKLFST03) （2025TKLFST03）
