气象2026，Vol.52Issue(6)：726-741,16.DOI:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2026.050701
2024年中国龙卷时空分布和典型案例分析
Spatio-Temporal Distribution and Case Analysis of the Tornado Events in China in 2024
摘要
Abstract
Basic characteristics of tornadoes in China in 2024 are presented in this article based on comprehensive analysis of multi-source data and on-site ground damage surveys.Despite the potential underestimation arising from the limitation of observations and the inherently stochastic nature of public reports,a total of 78 tornadoes and 40 waterspouts are identified.The results show that these tornadoes were primarily con-centrated in Northeast China,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,the Huang-Huai Region and the Pearl River Delta in 2024.Most tornadoes occurred between June and September,with July seeing tornadoes most frequently and their diurnal peaks in the afternoon.In addition,the intensities of 51 tornadoes are classified based on damage surveys into 12 EF0,26 EF1,9 EF2,and 4 EF3.In terms of waterspouts,they primarily occurred along the coastal region of South China and in the Bohai Bay,and most of them occurred in August with a pronounced diurnal peak around 06:00 BT.Overall,the tornadoes in 2024 were charac-terized by a high frequency of mass outbreaks,with four times of mass tornado events accounting for 44％of the annual total tornadoes.Notably,there were 13 tornadoes generated associated with an upper-level trough in Shandong Province on 5 July,making the province experiencing the highest occurrence frequency of tornadoes in 2024.Under the influence of the strong 2023 winter El Niño event,convective available po-tential energy in South China in spring 2024 was significantly higher than the climatological average.With such a favorable thermodynamic environment,67％of tornadoes in Guangdong Province occurred from late March to late April,reflecting an unusually high early-spring concentration.Additionally,a high-impact nocturnal severe weather event in Nanchang,Jiangxi Province,underscored the persistent difficulties in identifying and confirming nighttime tornadoes.关键词
龙卷/灾害天气/灾害调查/雷达Key words
tornado/severe weather/disaster investigation/radar分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
张泽宇,李彩玲,陈柏纬,白兰强,蔡康龙,黄舒婷,黄先香,杨磊,徐纵横,王秀明,张涛..2024年中国龙卷时空分布和典型案例分析[J].气象,2026,52(6):726-741,16.基金项目
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金气象联合基金(2024A1515510006)、粤港澳大湾区气象科技协同攻关专项(GHMA2024Z03)、广东省气象局科技项目(GRMC2025M10、GRMC2024M09)和广东省气象局科技创新团队(GRMCTD202601-ZD08)共同资助 （2024A1515510006）
