水产学报2026，Vol.50Issue(6)：47-58,12.DOI:10.11964/jfc.20260315474
珠母贝性腺发育和配子超微结构特征
Gonadal development and gamete ultrastructural characteristics of the pearl oyster(Pinctada margaritifera)
摘要
Abstract
The pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera holds high ecological and economic value in the tropical island-reef waters.However,the wild populations have declined sharply due to overfishing,habitat degradation,and climate change,necessitating basic biological studies on reproduction to support resource conservation and aquaculture.This study aims to elucidate the gon-adal development patterns and ultrastructural characteristics of male and female gametes in a wild population of P.margariti-fera from the island reef waters of the South China Sea,providing basic biological data for the resource conservation,artificial breeding,and ecological utilization of pearl oysters in the region.Wild P.margaritifera individuals were collected from Sanya Bay,Hainan Province.Histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin(H.E)were used to observe gonadal characteristics at different developmental stages.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were employed to analyze the ultrastructure of sperm and oocytes.Developmental dynamics were evaluated using condition index and gamete diameter.The development of both testis and ovary in P.margaritifera can be typically divided into four stages:growing,mature,spawning,and resting.The condition index remained at a relatively high and stable level[(0.101-0.119)g/cm3]across all developmental stages and between sexes,with no significant difference between males and females.Oocyte diameter showed significant variation with developmental stage,reaching a peak of(43.92±2.44)μm at the mature stage.Dur-ing late vitellogenesis,the oocyte nucleus enlarged to form a germinal vesicle,and the cytoplasm accumulated abundant yolk granules and lipid droplets.Rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited both elongated and annular morphologies,and microvilli on the oocyte surface formed tight adhesions with surrounding follicle cells.Mature sperm were of the primitive flagellated type,consisting of a head,midpiece,and tail.The acrosome in longitudinal section presented a specific inverted"V"shape,with pre-nuclear fossa and post-nuclear fossa.The tail displayed the classic"9+2"microtubule arrangement.The gonadal devel-opment of P.margaritifera follows a typical follicular pattern,enabling a high condition index throughout the breeding season through dynamic gamete replenishment and batch spawning.Oocyte diameter serves as a reliable indicator of gonadal maturity.Vitellogenesis involves a dual mechanism combining endogenous organelle synthesis and exogenous nutrient transport via follicle cells.The specific sperm ultrastructure provides cytological evidence for the phylogeny of the suborder Pteriomorphia.This study enriches the basic reproductive biology data of P.margaritifera and other island-reef bivalves in the South China Sea,and has important guiding significance for wild population restoration and the establishment of ecological aquaculture models.关键词
珠母贝/热带/性腺发育/超微结构/卵黄发生/岛礁Key words
Pinctada margaritifera/tropical/gonadal development/ultrastructure/vitellogenesis/island reef分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郑兴,马振华,顾志峰,杨国梁,董明月,毛晶,石耀华,Hebert Ely Vasquez,王子,邵昕飞,胡静..珠母贝性腺发育和配子超微结构特征[J].水产学报,2026,50(6):47-58,12.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2024YFD2401804) （2024YFD2401804）
海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2024XDNY166) （ZDYF2024XDNY166）
海南省自然科学基金(325RC655) （325RC655）
海南省热带水生生物技术重点实验开放课题(SWJS202406) （SWJS202406）
海南省深远海渔业资源高效利用与加工重点实验室开放课题(KLEU-2024-1) National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2401804) （KLEU-2024-1）
Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2024XDNY166) （ZDYF2024XDNY166）
Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(325RC655) （325RC655）
Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province(SWJS202406) （SWJS202406）
Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization and Processing of Marine Fishery Resources of Hainan Province(KLEU-2024-1) （KLEU-2024-1）
