西部人居环境学刊2026，Vol.41Issue(3)：57-63,7.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20240925005
我国老年社区脆弱性评价指标体系构建及影响因素分析
Construction of vulnerability evaluation index system and analysis of influencing factors of elderly communities in China
摘要
Abstract
The aging problems have become a prominent social problem in the 21st century.Due to the decline of physiological function,the lack of economic security,the shortage of medical resources and the lag of information acceptance,the elderly are often a group with high vulnerability.Affected by the traditional pension concept,more than 90%of the elderly in China still tend to home endowment,but the miniaturization of family structure and the normalization of population mobility have led to the continuous weakening of the traditional family pension function.Therefore,community endowment has become an important way to alleviate the weakening of inter-generational support and actively respond to aging.It is urgent to strengthen the construction of elderly communities to cope with the risks and challenges brought by an aging society.The elderly community in China can be divided into two types:mixed elderly community and independent elderly community.The mixed elderly community refers to an ordinary community with a multi-level age structure but a high proportion of the elderly.Independent elderly community refers to the elderly apartment group or co-residence elderly residential group that only the elderly live in,with the dual nature of pension institutions and communities.The elderly community in China is dominated by mixed elderly communities.This paper introduces the interdisciplinary perspective of"vulnerability"to study the elderly communities."Vulnerability"originated from the study of natural disasters,and then gradually expanded to'social vulnerability',that is,the social system exposed to natural factors or human factors,due to its own sensitivity characteristics and lack of ability to cope with adverse disturbances and the system by the negative impact or damage state.In recent years,vulnerability has been gradually introduced into the field of community governance research.Based on the connotation of vulnerability,this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the vulnerability of elderly communities.Following the principles of objectivity and data accessibility,referring to the VSD evaluation framework,starting from the three dimensions of exposure,sensitivity and adaptability,the indicators with high frequency and reflecting the essence and connotation of vulnerability are preferentially selected,and finally ten first-level indicators and 31 second-level indicators are formed.Based on CSGSS2021 data,this study uses comprehensive index method,principal component analysis method,obstacle degree analysis method and grey correlation analysis method to further explore the overall level,spatial distribution and influencing factors of the vulnerability of elderly communities in China.From the perspective of the overall level of vulnerability of elderly communities,low,medium and high vulnerability elderly communities account for 19.54%,47.68%and 32.78%respectively,and the elderly communities with medium and high vulnerability account for 80.46%,indicating that the overall level of vulnerability of elderly communities is relatively high.By comparing the scores of each dimension of different vulnerable elderly communities,it is found that the low-vulnerable elderly communities have the highest scores in the adaptability dimension,while the middle and high-vulnerable elderly communities have the highest scores in the exposure risk dimension,which suggests that reducing the exposure risk and improving the adaptation level are important ways to reduce the vulnerability of elderly communities.From the perspective of the spatial distribution of elderly communities,there are two,seven and ten provinces with low,medium and high vulnerability in 19 provinces,respectively,showing the spatial distribution characteristics of"high in the middle and low around".More than half of the provinces are in a state of high vulnerability,which shows that the vulnerability of elderly communities in China is closely related to social economy,geographical location and other factors.From the perspective of the influencing factors of the elderly community,in the obstacle degree analysis,there are six obstacle factors in the top ten in the exposure risk dimension,of which five obstacle factors belong to the health risk category;in the grey correlation analysis,the correlation between the exposure risk dimension and the vulnerability level of the elderly community is the highest.This reveals that the exposure risk dimension is the key brittle dimension of the vulnerability of the elderly community,and the health risk is the key brittle factor.Finally,from the perspective of the vulnerability characteristics,influencing factors and spatial differences of the elderly community,this paper proposes to strengthen the popularization of health concepts,improve the social security system,improve the infrastructure level of the elderly community,accelerate the aging transformation of the community,and strengthen the supply of medical services,so as to provide reference for the optimization of the elderly community construction.关键词
老年社区/脆弱性/指标体系/空间特征/影响因素Key words
elderly communities/vulnerability/index system/spatial characteristics/influencing factors分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
潘华峰,黄晓君,张晓雯,李建国..我国老年社区脆弱性评价指标体系构建及影响因素分析[J].西部人居环境学刊,2026,41(3):57-63,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(82174319) （82174319）
广东省2023年度教育科学规划课题(德育专项)(2023JKDY013) （德育专项）
