水利水电技术（中英文）2026，Vol.57Issue(5)：166-177,12.DOI:10.13928/j.cnki.wrahe.2026.05.013
基于喷管激发压力波的水管道泄漏识别与定位研究
Study on leakage identification and localization in water pipelines based on nozzle-excited pressure waves
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Pressure waves have been widely applied in the field of pipeline leakage detection due to their ability to carry energy and information.The aims are to address the limitations of existing pressure wave generators and to further investigate the excitation and propagation characteristics of pressure waves in leaking water pipelines.[Methods]A nozzle-type pressure wave generator was designed,which actively excited pressure waves by using compressed gas to impact the water pipeline through a nozzle,and was applied to an experimental platform for water pipeline leakage detection.In a pipeline about 120 meters long,the effects of intake pressure,intake time,leakage aperture,and leakage location on the upstream and downstream pressure wave characteristics of the leakage hole were tested under both leakage and non-leakage conditions.Leakage localization was performed using two methods:the difference method based on the pressure curve difference between leakage and non-leakage conditions,and the slope method based on the slope of the pressure curve under leakage conditions.[Results]Experimental results showed that the presence of pipeline leakage led to distortion of the pressure waveform and the occurrence of waveform separation at the upstream monitoring point of the leakage hole,and also caused overall pressure attenuation at the downstream monitoring point.As the intake pressure increased,intake time extended,and leakage aperture enlarged,these leakage characteristics became more pronounced.The distortion position of the pressure waveform at the upstream monitoring point varied with the leakage location.The distortion time point could be effectively identified,and the leakage could be localized using the difference method and the slope method.The maximum absolute localization errors using the difference method and the slope method were-2.31 m and-2.78 m,respectively,with maximum relative errors of-5.64％and-8.24％,respectively.[Conclusion]The research findings verify the feasibility of using a nozzle-type pressure wave generator for water pipeline leakage detection and can provide references for leakage identification and localization technologies in water pipelines.关键词
压力波/压力波发生装置/喷管/水管道/泄漏特征/泄漏定位/差值法/斜率法Key words
pressure wave/pressure wave generator/nozzle/water pipeline/leakage characteristics/leak localization/difference method/slope method分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
李文龙,郭希健,赵林坤,邓建强..基于喷管激发压力波的水管道泄漏识别与定位研究[J].水利水电技术（中英文）,2026,57(5):166-177,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(21978227) （21978227）
