实验技术与管理2026，Vol.43Issue(5)：169-175,7.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.05.021
集成GTAW与GMAW的电弧增材制造实验平台构建及应用
Development and application of arc additive manufacturing experimental platform integrating GTAW and GMAW
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)is a pivotal technology within the"Made in China 2025"strategy.Compared with laser/electron beam-based additive manufacturing methods,WAAM is characterized by superior deposition efficiency and material utilization.Despite its industrial potential in manufacturing medium-to-large metal components,widespread adoption in academic research and small-to-medium enterprises is currently constrained by the prohibitive costs and closed-source architectures of commercial systems.Conversely,existing low-cost open-source platforms often fail to meet necessary standards for motion control precision,forming stability,and system extensibility,particularly regarding the integration of multiple welding processes.To bridge this gap and provide a robust tool for process validation and engineering education,this study employed an open-source control architecture to design and construct a cost-effective,desktop-level experimental platform integrating gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)and gas metal arc welding(GMAW)processes.[Methods]The experimental platform was developed using a modular,open-source architecture featuring a moving gantry three-axis mechanical structure.Thereafter,GTAW and GMAW torches were integrated onto the Z-axis to optimize cost and spatial efficiency.High-torque 86×80 stepper motors(4.5 N·m)powered by high-subdivision drivers and ball screw transmission were selected to ensure positioning precision and structural rigidity.The control system adopts a master-slave configuration,where a personal computer generates G-code trajectories and an Arduino Uno running Grbl firmware executes real-time motion control,thereby synchronizing arc ignition/extinction(M8/M9 commands)and gas supply via relay modules.To mitigate oxidation during local shielding,a novel dual-path gas system integrating standard torch delivery with a micropore supply embedded within the base fixture was designed.Single-bead deposition experiments using Q345B steel substrates and an ER50-6 wire were conducted to systematically investigate the effects of travel speed(0.24-0.48 m/min)and wire feed speed(5.0-7.0 m/min)on bead geometry and forming quality.[Results]Experimental analysis revealed a distinct linear correlation between the process parameters and bead geometry.Specifically,increasing the wire feed speed from 5.0 to 7.0 m/min significantly expanded the bead from 3.889 to 6.115 mm and increased reinforcement from 1.252 to 4.029 mm,driven by the enhanced deposition rate.However,excessive wire feed speed(7.0 m/min)compromised stability,causing severe spatter and undercutting,while excessive travel speed induced snake-like defects and discontinuity.Travel and wire feed speeds of 0.36 and 6.0 m/min,respectively,were identified as the optimal parameter combinations.This setting achieved a dilution rate of 5%-15%,facilitating the fabrication of complex structures such as single-bead multilayer walls without macroscopic defects.Microstructural analysis confirmed the presence of a matrix of proeutectoid ferrite,acicular ferrite,bainite,and pearlite.Notably,regional variations were also observed:the bottom zone featured coarse grains due to substrate quenching,the middle zone formed interlaced acicular ferrite under moderate cooling,and the top zone contained side-plate ferrite and pearlite induced by solute enrichment.[Conclusions]The developed platform successfully integrated GTAW and GMAW processes within a low-cost,open-source framework,achieving a balance between cost-effectiveness and control precision.By enabling the fabrication of well-formed metal components with excellent microstructures,the platform demonstrated its viability as a versatile and economical solution for WAAM process exploration,educational demonstrations,and fundamental research in universities and research institutions.关键词
电弧增材制造/钨极惰性气体保护焊/熔化极气体保护焊/实验平台/ArduinoKey words
wire arc additive manufacturing/gas tungsten arc welding/gas metal arc welding/experimental platform/Arduino分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
李永存,刘泽国,张家宝,王勇..集成GTAW与GMAW的电弧增材制造实验平台构建及应用[J].实验技术与管理,2026,43(5):169-175,7.基金项目
黑龙江省教学改革项目(SJGYY2024173,SJGZY2024084) （SJGYY2024173,SJGZY2024084）
黑龙江省教育科学规划重点课题(GJB1425340) （GJB1425340）
