石油勘探与开发2026，Vol.53Issue(3)：533-544,12.DOI:10.11698/PED.20260096
中国煤岩气生成阶段及气藏成因类型
Generation stages and genetic types of coal-rock gas in China
摘要
Abstract
Based on the molecular structure transitions,hydrocarbon composition,and reservoir characteristics changes during coal evolution,combined with the production characteristics of coal-rock gas,the generation stages and genetic types of coal-rock gas in China are investigated.The generation of coal-rock gas can be divided into five stages:low-coal-rank biogenic gas generation stage(Ro＜0.5％),mid-coal-rank transitional gas generation stage(0.5％≤ Ro＜0.8％),mid-coal-rank mature gas generation stage(0.8％≤ Ro＜1.3％),mid-coal-rank high-maturity gas generation stage(1.3％≤ Ro＜2.0％),and high-coal-rank overmature gas generation stage(Ro ≥2.0％).Based on the burial depth and gas origin,the gas reservoirs are divided into three types:shallow coalbed methane,deep coal-rock gas and exogenous coal-rock gas.According to the hydrocarbon generation stage of coal rock,deep coal-rock gas is further classified into:mid-coal-rank transitional coal-rock gas,mid-coal-rank mature coal-rock gas,mid-coal-rank high-maturity coal-rock gas,and high-coal-rank overmature coal-rock gas.During the dynamic evolution of coal rock from shallow to deep depths,the coal rock has experienced a hydrocarbon generation evolution sequence of"biogenic gas→transitional gas→wet gas→dry gas",and a process of"primary pores →cleat development →peak organic matter pores--densification and fracturing+fracture opening"of reservoirs formation.The occurrence state gradually shifts from"dominance of adsorbed gas"to"continuous increase in free gas proportion",and the development modes also transform from"long-term drainage and depressurization for desorption"to"high gas production upon well opening".In addition,there is another type of coal-rock gas which is externally sourced,with the natural gas originating from underlying strata.This type of coal-rock gas corresponds to low-rank coals with reservoir development,where gas was accumulated under the control of tectonics,with high-proportion free gas and high initial production.关键词
煤岩气/煤层气/煤阶划分方案/生物成因气/过渡型气/他源型煤岩气/煤岩气开发方式Key words
coal-rock gas/coalbed methane/coal rank classification scheme/biogenic gas/transitional gas/exogenous coal-rock gas/coal-rock gas development method分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
张水昌,张斌,马行陟,唐勇,梁则亮,孙龙德..中国煤岩气生成阶段及气藏成因类型[J].石油勘探与开发,2026,53(3):533-544,12.基金项目
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项"新疆地区中低煤阶煤岩气高效开发技术与集成示范"、"煤岩气成藏机理与煤岩气勘探新领域"项目(2024ZD1406000,2025ZD1404201) （2024ZD1406000,2025ZD1404201）
中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目(2025DJ102) （2025DJ102）
