石油勘探与开发2026，Vol.53Issue(3)：559-574,16.DOI:10.11698/PED.20260066
全球超深层油气成藏特征与勘探进展
Accumulation characteristics and exploration progress of global ultra-deep oil and gas
摘要
Abstract
Global deep Earth exploration and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration(below 6 000 m)have attracted increasing attention,with a growing number of major oil and gas discoveries.This article systematically reviews the discovery history of ultra-deep oil and gas exploration since the year of 1937,dividing it into four major stages:onshore ultra-deep exploration and local breakthrough(1937-1982),shallow-water-dominated ultra-deep exploration and sporadic discoveries(1983-1997),onshore and offshore large-scale ultra-deep discoveries(1998-2018),and onshore over-8 000-m exploration and new breakthrough(since 2019).By the end of 2025,a total of 1 348 exploratory wells with a depth of more than 6 000 m have been drilled worldwide.A total of 305 ultra-deep oil and gas fields have been discovered in 29 basins across 20 countries,with recoverable reserves equivalent to 63.21×108t,accounting for only 0.9％of the global total reserves and indicating enormous exploration potential.The discovered reserves are highly concentrated in the Tethyan and South Gondwana petroleum realms,dominated by passive continental margin basins with a proportion of 71.25％.Reservoirs are mainly composed of Meso-Cenozoic carbonate rocks and clastic rocks.Studies show that three types of advantageous basins,including cratonic basins,passive continental margin basins and foreland basins,have their own characteristics in terms of basin formation,hydrocarbon generation,reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation.The global ultra-deep oil and gas exploration degree is extremely low,and there may exist another"golden zone"for hydrocarbon accumulation with huge resource potential.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen research on the mechanisms of hydrocarbon generation and accumulation as well as resource assessment in ultra-deep strata,and carry out integrated evaluation combining geology,engineering and intelligent technology.Internationally,efforts should be focused on new ultra-deep project evaluation and oil and gas cooperation in hydrocarbon-rich regions such as the two sides of the Atlantic,the Middle East,Central Asia-Russia and Australia.With the accelerated exploration of over-8 000-m oil and gas in China,a new peak of reserve growth is forthcoming.关键词
超深层/克拉通盆地/被动陆缘盆地/前陆盆地/油气成藏/油气勘探/勘探"黄金带"Key words
ultra-deep formation/cratonic basin/passive continental margin basin/foreland basin/hydrocarbon accumulation/oil and gas exploration/exploration"golden zone"分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
窦立荣,刘小兵,温志新,王兆明,宋一帆,贺正军,陈瑞银,吴珍珍..全球超深层油气成藏特征与勘探进展[J].石油勘探与开发,2026,53(3):559-574,16.基金项目
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1400802) （2025ZD1400802）
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目(2023ZZ0702,2026DJ008) （2023ZZ0702,2026DJ008）
