植物营养与肥料学报2026，Vol.32Issue(6)：1344-1358,15.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2025411
土壤质地通过调控甘薯株型影响块根产量
Soil texture influences storage root yield in sweet potato through regulation of plant architecture
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]This study investigated the effects of soil texture on sweet potato plant architecture and quantified the relationships between plant growth indices and storage root yield,providing a theoretical basis for high-yield sweet potato production.[Methods]Two sweet potato cultivars,'Shangshu 19'and'Yanshu 25',were selected as test materials.Three soil texture treatments were established:sandy loam,loam,and clay loam.At the early,middle,and late storage root bulking stages(70-80,100-110,and 130-140 days after transplanting,respectively),photosynthetic parameters were determined,sucrose and starch concentrations in leaves,petioles,and stems were quantified,and morphological traits of leaves and stems including main stem length,internode length,petiole length,branch number,and basal stem diameter were measured.Growth rates of each organ and photosynthate partitioning ratios were calculated,and the relationships between morphological indices and storage root yield were analyzed.[Results]Compared with the loam treatment,the sandy loam treatment exhibited the highest dry matter partitioning rate to storage roots and the largest single storage root weight,with storage root yield increasing by 7.14%-10.61%;in contrast,the clay loam treatment resulted in the lowest values for these indices,with yield decreasing by 7.26%-10.54%.Soil texture did not significantly influence the number of storage roots per plant.During the storage root bulking stage(70-140 days after transplanting),plants in the sandy loam treatment exhibited the shortest main stem length,internode length,and petiole length,as well as the smallest basal stem diameter,along with the lowest elongation rates,while the clay loam treatment promoted higher growth rates of these organs,leading to significantly greater values compared with those in the sandy loam treatment.Compared with the loam treatment,sucrose contents in leaves,petioles,and stem tops were significantly higher in the sandy loam treatment,while sucrose content in stem bases and starch content in all above-ground organs were significantly lower.In storage roots,both sucrose and starch contents increased markedly under sandy loam.In contrast,clay loam significantly reduced sucrose content in above-ground organs(except for stem bases)and increased starch content in all aerial parts,while root carbohydrate accumulation decreased.Sandy loam also increased the leaf sucrose-to-starch ratio and sucrose phosphate synthase activity in functional leaves,indicating enhanced sucrose export from leaves.The clay loam treatment showed the opposite trend.At the mid-root bulking stage,sandy loam promoted higher net photosynthetic rates and prolonged leaf functional longevity.Although clay loam resulted in a higher leaf area index,it was accompanied by a shorter leaf functional period and lower photosynthetic rates.Path analysis revealed that,at the mid-bulking stage,main stem length,internode length,petiole length,and basal stem diameter were all negatively(P<0.05)correlated with yield.By integrating direct and total effects,main stem length was selected to establish a regression model.The model indicated that,under the experimental conditions,when the main stem length did not exceed 166.6 cm for Shangshu 19 and 186.0 cm for Yanshu 25 at 100 days after transplanting,there was a high probability of achieving storage root yields of 50 t/hm2 and 60 t/hm2 or higher,respectively.[Conclusions]Sandy loam cultivation enhanced sweet potato photosynthetic performance,characterized by greater photosynthetic export capacity from leaves and efficient photoassimilate transportation within vines.This promotes root bulking while suppressing excessive above-ground growth.Notably,shorter main stem length contributes to forming an ideal plant architecture-marked by moderate vine growth,high photosynthetic efficiency,and efficient assimilate transport-thereby facilitating high yields.Conversely,the clay loam treatment induces excessive vegetative growth,causing significant photoassimilate retention in above-ground organs.This leads to insufficient carbohydrate accumulation in storage roots,ultimately reducing yield.关键词
甘薯/土壤质地/株型/产量Key words
sweet potato/soil texture/plant architecture/storage root yield引用本文复制引用
刘宇航,徐冰洁,李丛,许明,王汝娟,董瑶,柳洪鹃..土壤质地通过调控甘薯株型影响块根产量[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2026,32(6):1344-1358,15.基金项目
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2022MC186) （ZR2022MC186）
山东省薯类产业技术体系(SDARS-16-09) （SDARS-16-09）
泰安市良种工程项目(2024NYLZ04) （2024NYLZ04）
泰安市科技特派员项目(2023TPY020,TP202401). （2023TPY020,TP202401）
