摘要
Abstract
Scientific and technological innovation is an inexhaustible driving force for the progress of human civilizations.However,existing studies have mostly explained its impact from the perspectives of technological progress,economic growth,or industrial revolutions,while pay-ing insufficient attention to its role at the civilizational scale.Drawing on innovation theory and civilizational history,this paper develops a three-dimensional framework of"innovation actors-innovation mechanisms-innovation effects"and applies it to four stages:primitive civilizations,agricultural civilizations,industrial civilizations,and information civilizations.The study makes three arguments.First,the expansion of innovation actors reconfigures civilizational creativity.Innovation actors have evolved from anonymous groups to craftsmen and farmers,then to scien-tists,entrepreneurs,enterprises,and research organizations,and further to users,open-source communities,and platform ecosystems.This process shows that creativity has shifted from indi-vidual experience and local practice to organized social capability.Second,the transformation of innovation mechanisms reconstructs the pathways through which breakthroughs become civiliza-tional forces.In primitive civilizations,trial-and-error combined with oral transmission domi-nated;in agricultural civilizations,experience accumulation was coupled with writing and print-ing;in industrial civilizations,experimental science integrated with institutionalized diffusion through patents and enterprises;and in the information civilizations,data-driven innovation combined with real-time diffusion through digital networks.Each transition expanded the path-ways from breakthroughs to civilizational forces.Third,the accumulation of innovation effects drives systemic changes across three interrelated dimensions:modes of production,social organi-zation,and civilizational configuration.Production modes transformed from hunting-gathering to agriculture,industry,and digital production.Social organization evolved from clans to states,en-terprises,and platforms—new productive forces require new organizational forms.Civilizational configuration reshaped as innovation centers shifted from China in the agricultural era,to West-ern Europe and North America in the industrial era,and toward a multi-centric pattern in the in-formation age.These dimensions interact and reinforce each other;when cumulative changes reach a threshold,civilization transitions from one form to another.The theoretical contribution of this paper lies in extending scientific and technological innovation research from the indus-trial and economic levels to the civilizational scale,constructing a three-dimensional analytical framework of"actors-mechanisms-effects",and elucidating the intermediary mechanisms and structural effects through which scientific and technological breakthroughs are transformed into civilizational forces.This research offers theoretical implications for understanding new quality productive forces,new forms of human civilizations,and future technology governance.关键词
科技创新/人类文明/文明演进/历史逻辑/创新主体/创新机制/创新效应/新质生产力Key words
scientific and technological innovation/human civilizations/civilizational evolu-tion/historical logic/innovation actors/innovation mechanisms/innovation effects/new quality productive forces分类
管理科学
