西南医科大学学报2026，Vol.49Issue(4)：455-460,6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2096-3351.2026.04.007
冲击波通过TGF-β/Smad2/3信号通路改善软骨细胞形态及促进Ⅱ型胶原表达的机制研究
Mechanistic Study of Shock Waves on Chondrocyte Morphology and Type Ⅱ Collagen Expression via the TGF-β/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway
摘要
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of focused extracorporeal shock wave(F-ESW)on the chondrocyte morphology in rats with knee osteoarthritis(KOA)injury,and to explore its regulatory role on type Ⅱ collagen through the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.Methods One-week-old Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were selected,and bilateral knee articular cartilage was isolated after euthanasia by cervical dislocation for primary chondrocyte isolation and culture.Third-passage chondrocytes were divided into a blank control group,an osteoarthritis model group(OA group),and a shock wave intervention group(F-ESW group).Chondrocytes were stimulated with 10 ng/mL interleukin-1β(IL-1β)for 24 h to establish an OA model.The expression of interleukin-6(IL-6)was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to determine whether the inflammatory model had been successfully established.Toluidine blue staining was used to observe chondrocyte morphology under a microscope.Immuno-fluorescence was used to assess the expression of type Ⅱ collagen(Col2a1).The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β,Smad2,and Smad3 were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),and the protein expression levels of TGF-β,Smad2,Smad3,p-Smad2,and p-Smad3 in chondrocytes from each group were detected by Western blotting(WB).Results ELISA results showed that the IL-6 level in the supernatant of the OA group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.001),indicating that the in vitro OA inflammatory model was successfully established.Toluidine blue staining showed that,compared with the control group,most cells in the OA group were elongated spindle-shaped or irregular in shape.Compared with the OA group,cells in the F-ESW group were morphologically similar to those in the blank control group,largely restored to normal morphology.Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Col2a1 expression in the F-ESW group was significantly higher than that in the OA group(P<0.01).The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β,Smad2,and Smad3 in the OA group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),whereas the expression levels of these indicators in the F-ESW group were higher than those in the OA group(P<0.05).Similarly,the protein expression levels of TGF-β,Smad2,and Smad3 in the OA group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05),while those in the F-ESW group were higher than those in the OA group(P<0.05).The protein expression levels of p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 showed similar trends.Conclusion F-ESW can improve the morphology of chondrocytes after inflammatory stimulation and activate the TGF-β signaling pathway.The underlying mechanism may involve the upregulation of TGF-β expression,increased expression of Smad2 and Smad3,and enhanced phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3,thereby improving chondrocyte homeostasis and delaying the progression of osteoarthritis.关键词
骨关节炎/聚焦式冲击波/TGF-β/Smad通路/软骨细胞Key words
Osteoarthritis/Focused extracorporeal shock wave/TGF-β/Smad pathway/Chondrocytes分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
艾芯,谢羽婕,张驰..冲击波通过TGF-β/Smad2/3信号通路改善软骨细胞形态及促进Ⅱ型胶原表达的机制研究[J].西南医科大学学报,2026,49(4):455-460,6.基金项目
四川省重点研发计划项目(2024YFHZ0050) （2024YFHZ0050）
泸州市人民政府-西南医科大学科技战略合作项目(2024LZXNYDJ035) （2024LZXNYDJ035）
西南医科大学护理学院创面修复基础与临床应用研究泸州市重点实验室项目(2025KFKTZD21) （2025KFKTZD21）
