质谱学报2026，Vol.47Issue(4)：575-584,10.DOI:10.7538/zpxb.2025.0129
内部萃取电喷雾电离质谱法快速鉴别人参
Rapid Identification of Different Types of Ginseng Samples by Internal Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
摘要
Abstract
Ginseng is a precious traditional Chinese medicinal herb with over a thousand years of nutritional and medicinal application history.Known as the"King of Herbs",its pharmacological effects exhibit significant variation,which stems from diverse planting and post-harvest conditions,including geographical origin,growing years,cultivation methods,and processing(e.g.,fresh preservation and drying).The variety and commercial grade of ginseng are the core factors determining its quality and therapeutic efficacy.Therefore,the rapid and accurate identification of these attributes is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of its clinical applications.To overcome the inherent limitations of traditional analytical methods,this study proposed a rapid identification method for ginseng based on internal extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(iEESI-MS).This innovative technique enabled the direct acquisition of comprehensive chemical information from intact ginseng tissue without any sample pretreatment.The working principle is as follows:a charged extractant(methanol containing 0.5 mmol/L ammonium chloride)is infused into ginseng tissue to selectively extract bioactive compounds,which are then ionized and detected by the mass spectrometer.Using tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)analysis,combined with precise comparison against standards(including ginsenosides Rb1,Re,and Rg1)and cross-referencing with published literature,25 chemical components were successfully identified in ginseng.To classify different ginseng samples,a classification model was constructed using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA),a supervised multivariate statistical method.The OPLS-DA model effectively distinguished 13 types of ginseng samples,including 4 major varieties(garden ginseng,forest ginseng,Korean ginseng and red ginseng)and 3 commercial grades(small,medium and large)within each variety.This model has excellent predictive performance.In conclusion,this method has the advantages of no sample pretreatment,rapid analysis,and in-situ detection.By directly extracting chemical information from within plant tissues,this method not only facilitates direct comparison of different ginseng varieties and commercial grades,but also provides a material basis for elucidating the differences in their therapeutic efficacy.关键词
内部萃取电喷雾电离质谱(iEESI-MS)/人参皂苷/鉴别/化学计量学Key words
internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(iEESI-MS)/ginsenosides/identification/chemometrics分类
化学化工引用本文复制引用
程丽群,胡莘如,张小平,陈焕文..内部萃取电喷雾电离质谱法快速鉴别人参[J].质谱学报,2026,47(4):575-584,10.基金项目
江西中医药大学校级科技创新团队发展项目(CXTD22005) （CXTD22005）
江西省人才项目(gpyc20240074,2025QT06) （gpyc20240074,2025QT06）
江西省国际合作项目(20232BBH80012) （20232BBH80012）
东华理工大学人才项目(DHTJBJ202404) （DHTJBJ202404）
中央本级重大增减支项目"名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目"(2060302) （2060302）
