江苏大学学报（医学版）2026，Vol.36Issue(4)：320-325,6.DOI:10.13312/j.issn.1671-7783.y250126
绝经后女性月经初潮年龄、绝经年龄及生殖期与认知功能的相关性
The relationship between age at menarche,age at menopause or reproductive lifespan and cognitive function in postmenopausal women
摘要
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the relationship between age at menarche,age at menopause or reproductive lifespan and cognitive function in postmenopausal women.Methods:Based on data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),a total of 1 829 postmenopausal women with complete key data were selected and divided into non-cognitive impairment group(n=1 230)and cognitive impairment group(n=599)according to the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),and their basic characteristics were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between reproductive factors and cognitive function,and restricted cubic spline(RCS)curves were further plotted to examine potential nonlinear associations between the above factors and cognitive function.Results:There were statistically significant differences between the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group in marital status,place of residence,education level,smoking status,hypertension,depressive symptoms,sleep duration,age at menopause,reproductive span and MMSE scores(all P＜0.05).After adjusting for confounding factors,Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to women with menopause age between 51-55 years,those with menopause age ≤45 years had a higher risk of cognitive impairment(OR=1.59,95％CI:1.15-2.10,P=0.014);compared to women with a reproductive span of 36-40 years,those with a reproductive span ≤30 years had a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment(OR=1.68,95％CI:1.26-2.25,P=0.008).No association was found between age at menarche and cognitive function.Smooth curve fitting did not reveal any nonlinear relationship between reproductive factors and cognitive function.Conclusion:Women with earlier menopause(≤ 45 years)and shorter reproductive lifespan(≤ 30 years)have a higher risk of cognitive impairment,while no significant association was observed between age at menarche and cognitive impairment.关键词
女性/初潮年龄/绝经年龄/生殖期/认知功能Key words
women/age at menarche/age at menopause/reproductive lifespan/cognitive function分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
柳巧云,吕一俊,刘赞华..绝经后女性月经初潮年龄、绝经年龄及生殖期与认知功能的相关性[J].江苏大学学报（医学版）,2026,36(4):320-325,6.基金项目
江苏省卫生健康委医学科研立项项目(2021-254) （2021-254）
江苏大学医教协同创新基金一般项目(JDYY2023029) （JDYY2023029）
