林业经济2026，Vol.48Issue(4)：5-23,19.
中国农地制度与林地制度的联动考察
A comparative study between farmland system and forestland system in China
摘要
Abstract
Farmland system and forestland system constitute fundamental components of China's rural land system.A comparative study of the two systems can not only enhance institutional mutual learning and deepen reform,but also offer theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting rural common prosperity of farmers and rural areas through land system innovation.Based on the institutional change theory and modern property rights theory,this paper develops an integrated analytical framework for comparing property rights systems,and systematically analyzes the historical evolution paths and current allocation of property rights systems of China's farmland system and forestland system since the founding of the People's Republic of China from both vertical and horizontal dimensions.The main findings are as follows:(1)Both systems have transitioned from"farmer ownership with decentralized management"to"collective ownership with collective management"and then to"collective ownership with household management",but the overall reform of forestland system lags behind that of the farmland system.(2)Looking back on the historical changes of the two systems,the performance of institutional changes depends crucially on the dynamic trade-off between reform costs and benefits.The effective integration of mandatory change and induced change and the coordination of efficiency and equity are the keys to successful reform.(3)The current property rights allocation of the two systems covers the powers of use,income and disposition.Farmland property rights are relatively more complete,forestland property rights of public welfare forests are relatively strongly restricted,but have a slight advantage in terms of mortgage rights.These differences are important reasons for the different performances of the two land systems.(4)On the whole,the differences between the two systems in historical changes and property rights allocation are fundamentally rooted in their differences in ecological attributes,production characteristics and policy objectives.The innovation of this paper lies in incorporating the two systems into a unified analytical framework for a joint comparison,and revealing that the difference in resource attributes is the deep-seated reason for the differentiation of the two systems.Policy enlightenments:continue to promote the coordinated reform of farmland system and forestland system,optimize property rights allocation on the basis of balancing efficiency and equity,and realize the organic unity of mandatory and induced institutional changes,so as to promote common prosperity of farmers and rural areas.关键词
农地制度/林地制度/制度变迁/产权理论/对比分析Key words
farmland system/forestland system/institutional change/property rights theory/comparative analysis分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
涂冰倩,郑淋议..中国农地制度与林地制度的联动考察[J].林业经济,2026,48(4):5-23,19.基金项目
国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作专项课题"New Business Models to Enhance Farmers Positions in the Value Chain"(2025YFE0111303),国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目"农村电商对耕地撂荒的作用机理、影响效应及政策优化研究"(72503220),教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项"农林经济管理学科的历史演进与问题现状"(2024JZDZ064),教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"宅基地制度改革对农民市民化的影响效应与政策优化研究"(23YJC790203),浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题"高质量发展视域下农业生产要素配置效率测度、路径优化及浙江实践模式创新研究"(21NDJC028Z). （2025YFE0111303）
