强激光与粒子束2026，Vol.38Issue(8)：147-161,15.DOI:10.11884/HPLPB202638.260214
激光聚变高增益靶物理设计关键挑战和研究进展
High-gain laser-fusion target:Physics design challenges and progress in high-compression implosions in China
摘要
Abstract
The U.S.National Ignition Facility(NIF)demonstrated laser fusion ignition in December 2022,achieving ten ignitions and a record target gain of 4.1 by the end of 2025,confirming the scientific feasibility of laser fusion.Transitioning to high-gain fusion,however,remains a critical challenge.Here we review the key physics challenges and progress in high-compression implosions at the SG-100 kJ facility in China.We reveal that the essential nature of high-compression implosions is the coupled growth of hydrodynamic instabilities across three interfaces:the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the outer ablation front,the classical Rayleigh-Taylor instability and perturbation feed-out at the intermediate ablator-fuel interface,and the deceleration-phase instability at the hot-spot interface.We examine the NIF's path from the U.S.National Ignition Campaign(NIC)setback to the High Yield Big Radius Implosion Design(HYBRID)success,distilling the central lesson that implosion design must shift from pursuing the one-dimensional theoretical optimum to achieving three-dimensional engineering robustness,and identify four intrinsic contradictions:between fusion gain and implosion stability,implosion velocity and stability,drive intensity and beam-target coupling efficiency,and implosion compression and drive asymmetry.On the original research front,we report systematic advances on the SG-100 kJ facility:identifying the intermediate interface mix as the primary bottleneck,discovering the perturbation feed-out mechanism,proposing an Atwood-number tuning strategy,and developing an innovative slowly-ramped main pulse design.These experiments have achieved controlled implosions with convergence ratios exceeding 30,demonstrating that entropy reduction and mixing control can be simultaneously realized.Our findings establish that the core of high-gain target design is the precise control of multi-interface hydrodynamic instabilities under high compression,and the innovative approach pursued in China provides essential physics support for the engineering feasibility of inertial fusion energy.关键词
激光惯性约束聚变/高增益靶设计/高压缩内爆/流体力学不稳定性/内爆驱动波形设计Key words
laser inertial confinement fusion/high-gain target design/high-compression implosion/hydrodynamic instabilities/implosion drive pulse design分类
数理科学引用本文复制引用
王立锋,曹辉,吴俊峰,张超,闫政,张靖,雷柱,杨冬,赵宗清,邹士阳,王裴,李纪伟,张维岩,贺贤土,陈竹,晏骥,王哲斌,郝亮,王清,李志远,霍文义..激光聚变高增益靶物理设计关键挑战和研究进展[J].强激光与粒子束,2026,38(8):147-161,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(12588301) （12588301）
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFA1608400) （2023YFA1608400）
