气象2026，Vol.52Issue(7)：880-892,13.DOI:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2026.050703
2025/2026年冬季北半球大气环流特征及对我国天气气候的影响
Characteristics of Atmospheric Circulation in Northern Hemisphere in the 2025/2026 Winter and Its Impact on Weather and Climate of China
摘要
Abstract
Using station observation data and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data,this paper analyzes the main climatic characteristics,large-scale atmospheric circulation anomalies,and East Asian winter mon-soon features in China during the winter of 2025/2026(December 2025 to February 2026),with a focus on the causes of the abnormally active sand-dust weather in February 2026.The results show that in the win-ter of 2025/2026,the national average temperature was-1.5℃,which is 1.5℃ higher than the climato-logical average,ranking as the second highest for the same period since 1961.The national average precipi-tation was 27.4 mm,35.3％less than normal,with a spatial distribution of more precipitation anomaly in the north and less in the south.The 500 hPa geopotential height field over the mid-high latitudes of Eurasia was dominated by a zonal circulation,the westerly was in a relatively straight pattern,and the East Asian winter monsoon was weaker than normal.During the 2025/2026 winter,a total of six sand-dust weather events occurred in China,4.2 times more than the climatological average.Among them,there were three sandstorm events,which was 2.7 times more than the climatological average(0.3 times).Moreover,the number of sand-dust days reached 7.7 d,the highest in winter since 1991.The analysis on the formation causes of sand-dust weather indicates that the sand source areas experienced significantly warm and dry conditions in this winter.Precipitation was below average but temperature was above aver-age.This situation led to low vegetation coverage and a substantial reduction in surface resistance to wind erosion,thereby providing abundant material conditions for sandstorms.Against this background,the synergistic effect of strong cold air and the Mongolian cyclone generated a large pressure gradient trigge-ring extreme gale winds.This condition,combined with enhanced thermal lifting due to large temperature differences between upper and lower levels,resulted in large amounts of sands and dusts being lifted into the atmosphere and transported to downwind areas.Besides,global climate warming has further exacerba-ted the drying trend in the sand source regions,increasing the frequency of the superposition of such warm-dry conditions with intense weather processes.关键词
冬季气候异常/中高纬大气环流/沙尘天气/西太平洋副热带高压Key words
abnormal winter climate/mid-high latitude atmospheric circulation/sand-dust weather/west-ern Pacific subtropical high分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
李多,章大全..2025/2026年冬季北半球大气环流特征及对我国天气气候的影响[J].气象,2026,52(7):880-892,13.基金项目
京津冀环境综合治理国家科技重大专项(2025ZD1204800)、国家重点研发计划(2024YFC3013100)、国家自然科学基金气象联合基金项目(U2442207)、中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J004)、中国长江电力股份有限公司科研项目(2423020054)、贵州新气象科技有限责任公司"揭榜挂帅"项目(2024-N69)和中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2026-163)共同资助 （2025ZD1204800）
