水利学报2026，Vol.57Issue(7)：1025-1037,13.DOI:10.3724/j.slxb.20250227
基于大语言模型的水利工程运维决策智能体构建
Construction of large language model based agents for decision support in the operation and maintenance of water conservancy projects
摘要
Abstract
The patrol inspection of water conservancy projects is a core management task for ensuring the safe and stable operation of critical infrastructures.Traditional patrol inspections suffer from high reliance on manual labor,low accuracy in hazard identification,and insufficient dynamic decision-making capabilities.This paper proposes a multi-agent collaborative intelligent decision-making framework that integrates Large Language Models(LLMs)and Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation(GraphRAG)technologies.Adopting a modular architecture encompassing perception,memory,communication,planning,and action,the framework achieves full automation of the patrol inspection processes.A multi-modal dataset was constructed using multi-source patrol inspection data from the past three years.Domain-adaptive fine-tuning significantly improved the F1 scores of multi-modal large language models in equipment recognition and defect detection by 7.2%and 6.9%,respectively.Furthermore,a dynamic knowledge graph system based on Graph RAG was developed to bridge domain-specific knowledge gaps through knowledge infu-sion techniques,while simultaneously employing an entity-relation reasoning mechanisms to effectively mitigate model hallucinations.Experimental results demonstrate that patrol inspection reports generated by this method,upon dual evaluation by both domain experts and operational maintenance personnel,accurately reflect the professional expertise and technical depth required in operations and maintenance of water conservancy projects.This research provides a novel,interpretable,and reliable technical paradigm for intelligent operation and maintenance of water infrastructure,holding significant engineering application value for advancing digital transformation within the indus-try.关键词
多模态大语言模型/智能体/水利工程巡检/图检索增强生成Key words
multimodal large language model/intelligent agent/water conservancy project patrol inspection/graph retrieval-augmented generation分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
杨阳蕊,王鹏斐,刘雪梅,刘明堂,董方宁..基于大语言模型的水利工程运维决策智能体构建[J].水利学报,2026,57(7):1025-1037,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3210800) （2024YFC3210800）
国家自然科学基金项目(72271091) （72271091）
河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(252102210030) （252102210030）
河南省高等学校重点科研项目(25A520006) （25A520006）
科技攻关项目:面向水库防汛调度的LLM与专家协同概念模型优化及知识图谱构建方法研究(262102320045) （262102320045）
