中国农业科学2026，Vol.59Issue(14)：3038-3055,18.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.14.004
播种密度对精量穴直播再生稻头季茎秆抗倒伏性和周年产量的影响
Effects of Sowing Density on Culm Lodging Resistance in the Main Crop and Annual Grain Yield of Precision Hill-Direct-Seeded Ratoon Rice
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The objective of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of sowing density on stem lodging resistance in main crop and annual grain yield of precision-hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice.The results could provide a scientific basis for ratoon rice production with high yield and lodging resistance to adapt to direct seeding and simplified cultivation.[Method]From 2022 to 2023,a field experiment was conducted using two hybrid indica rice varieties Yuxiangyou8133(YXY8133)and Taiyouyuehesimiao(TYYHSM)with five sowing densities,namely,D1:150 000 hills/hm2,D2:195 000 hills/hm2,D3:240 000 hills/hm2,D4:285 000 hills/hm2,and D5:330 000 hills/hm2.The study focused on analyzing the relationships of stem mechanical parameters,morphological traits,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and culm and leaf sheath chemical composition with stem lodging resistance in the main crop and grain yield in the main and ratoon crops under the precision-hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice system.[Result]With increased sowing density,rice yield in both main and ratoon crop increased first and then decreased,and annual yield was highest under D3,reaching 14.03 and 13.23 t·hm-2 for YXY8133 and TYYHSM,respectively.Compared with the D1 treatment,D2 and D3 treatments slightly increased stem lodging index of main crop by 3.91%-14.69%and 1.48%-5.77%for YXY8133 and TYYHSM,respectively;D4 and D5 treatments markedly increased the lodging index by 31.67%-40.74%and 10.54%-23.27%for YXY8133 and TYYHSM,respectively.The increased sowing density induced significant reduction of breaking moment of basal internodes and thereby,mainly contributed to higher stem lodging index in main crop.Internode length,panicle length,plant height,and gravity center height did not differ significantly among sowing-density treatments,but LAI increased significantly with higher sowing density.The culm and leaf sheath dry weight per plant,panicle dry weight per plant,basal internode culm and leaf sheath plumpness,stem diameter and wall thickness of D3 treatment decreased slightly when compared with D1,thereby maintaining high stem mechanical strength;while D4 and D5 treatments showed larger reduction,and with differences reaching significance for TYYHSM.Further,D4 and D5 treatments significantly decreased the soluble sugar content,starch content,cellulose and lignin content in culm and leaf sheath per plant of main crop at heading stage and thus,resulted in poor stem quality and a higher lodging index in main crop.Correlation analysis showed that culm and leaf sheath dry matter weight per plant,culm wall thickness,soluble sugar content,starch content,cellulose and lignin content were significantly and positively correlated with breaking moment of basal internodes,but significantly and negatively correlated with lodging index.[Conclusion]The appropriate sowing density can effectively balance the trade-off between population size and individual plant growth in main crops under precision hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice,enhance individual plant robustness by maintaining high stem quality,improve the population structure,and consequently,enhance stem lodging resistance and yield performance;D3 treatment was the suitable sowing density to coordinate the lodging resistance in main crop and the high yield of ratoon rice system.关键词
精量穴直播再生稻/抗倒伏/产量/密度/茎秆质量Key words
precision-hill-direct-seeding ratoon rice/lodging resistance/yield/sowing density/clum quality引用本文复制引用
张巫军,段秀建,梁子蒙,杜斌,唐永群,李经勇,姚雄..播种密度对精量穴直播再生稻头季茎秆抗倒伏性和周年产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2026,59(14):3038-3055,18.基金项目
"十四五"国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2301003)、重庆市现代农业产业技术体系(CQMAITS202401)、现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-25) （2022YFD2301003）
