中国畜禽种业2026，Vol.22Issue(8)：68-78,11.DOI:10.19543/j.cnki.1673-4556.20260707.002
藏青牛遗传资源现状及种质特性鉴定研究
Study on the current situation of genetic resources and identification of germplasm characteristics of Tibetan gray cattle
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To evaluate the resource status,germplasm characteristics and development potential of Tibetan gray cattle,and thereby clarify their status as an independent genetic resource.[Method]This study focused on Shannan City as the research scope,and conducted investigations and analysis of the cattle.In September-October of 2023,the team completed field surveys,data collection,body measurement,production performance investigation,and combined with molecular genetic analysis by integrating genomic data of 98 Tibetan cattle.[Result]The results showed that the core distribution area of Tibetan gray cattle is located in Langkazi and Luozha counties of Shannan City,as well as Bailang,Dingjie and Kangma counties of Shigatse City,Tibet Autonomous Region,with an average altitude exceeding 4000 meter above sea level.The population size was approximately 3100 head at the end of 2021.Tibetan gray cattle are characterized by a distinctive iron-gray or bluish-gray coat color.Phenotypically,they exhibit predominantly white facial markings,white horns with black tips and a robust body conformation.Moreover,they possess strong adaptability to cold climates,efficient utilization of coarse forage resources and remarkable tolerance to high-altitude environments.Morphometric analyses revealed significant differences(P<0.05)in body height,body length,bust and shank circumference among different age groups.Production performance evaluation indicated that the average daily milk yield of Tibetan gray cattle was 3.60 kilogram,ranging from 1.50 to 9.00 kilogram per day.Population genetic analyses based on 104339970 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms demonstrated that Tibetan gray cattle formed a stable monophyletic lineage with a relatively homogeneous and stable genetic composition.Furthermore,the population exhibited high genetic consistency within the breed and clear genetic differentiation from other Tibetan cattle populations,supporting its status as a genetically distinct population with an independent genetic structure.These findings demonstrate that Tibetan gray cattle possess a unique genetic background and an independent population genetic structure,supporting their recognition as a distinct indigenous cattle genetic resource on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.[Conclusion]The research has clarified the distribution area,population size,phenotypic characteristics and independent genetic traits of the Tibetan gray cattle.It revealed that they face high risks of inbreeding depression,imperfect conservation system and an unoptimized breeding structure.关键词
藏青牛/资源现状/种质特性Key words
Tibetan gray cattle/Resource status/Germplasm characteristics分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
索朗曲吉,尼玛,西热强马,达瓦,扎西坚参,拉巴次仁,张楠,马毅,陈宁博,普布占堆,李斌,斯朗旺姆,温东旭,赵丽,嘎玛央宗,次仁罗布,陈晓英..藏青牛遗传资源现状及种质特性鉴定研究[J].中国畜禽种业,2026,22(8):68-78,11.基金项目
高原山地型气候区奶牛新种质创制(NK2022120106) （NK2022120106）
藏南青牛遗传资源鉴定(XZNKY-XMS-202501) （XZNKY-XMS-202501）
地缘性菌种复配对奶牛生产性能的影响研究(XZNKY-XMSTC-2025-005) （XZNKY-XMSTC-2025-005）
国家自然科学基金(32102523). （32102523）
