灾害学2026，Vol.41Issue(4)：1-12,12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2026.04.001
能力与韧性概念辨析:边界、转化与测度
Conceptual Differentiation between Capacity and Resilience:Boundaries,Transformation,and Measurement
摘要
Abstract
Capacity and resilience are core concepts in disaster risk research and governance,yet they are often used interchangeably in definitions,measurement,and practice,leading to unclear analytical distinctions among capacity building,resilience assessment,and risk governance objectives.The conceptual boundary be-tween capacity and resilience is clarified in this study.Capacity refers to the resources,institutions,organization-al arrangements,knowledge,technologies,and action-enabling conditions that institutions,communities,or soci-eties possess and can mobilize in the process of managing and reducing risk.Capacity is therefore a conditional element in both risk formation and risk governance.Resilience,by contrast,is an overall system property formed through response processes—such as resistance,absorption,recovery,adaptation,and,when necessary,transfor-mation—in the face of sudden shocks or long-term stresses.It is reflected in functional continuity,recovery qual-ity,and future risk reduction.Capacity provides the foundational condition for resilience formation,but it does not automatically translate into resilience.Only when capacity is embedded in specific system structures and mo-bilized through organizational action,coordinated response,learning feedback,and continuous improvement under disturbance and stress can it be transformed into observable resilience performance.Based on this under-standing,a layered framework is proposed,consisting of capacity foundations,system structure,response process-es,functional performance,and long-term adaptation.This framework explains how capacity enters the process of resilience formation and helps reduce confusion between concepts and indicators.Capacity assessment is fur-ther distinguished in this paper from resilience measurement,arguing that capacity assessment mainly diagnoses mobilizable conditions and capacity gaps,whereas resilience measurement should focus on functional mainte-nance,recovery processes,adaptive improvement,and risk reduction under disturbance contexts.Disaster risk governance should therefore move from static capacity building toward dynamic resilience governance.关键词
能力/韧性/灾害风险/能力评估/韧性测度/韧性治理Key words
capacity/resilience/disaster risk/capacity assessment/resilience measurement/resilience governance分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
温家洪,颜建平,高诗雨,史忠超,胡恒智..能力与韧性概念辨析:边界、转化与测度[J].灾害学,2026,41(4):1-12,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目"沿海城市极端风暴洪水动态风险情景分析—以上海为例"(42171080) （42171080）
上海哲学社会科学一般项目"上海市汛期极端暴雨内涝防治与韧性评估研究"(2024bjc014) （2024bjc014）
